Role of calcium bio-minerals in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering

Abstract

J Stem Cell Res Ther 2017, 2(6): 00081 Abstract Present review article emphasize role of biominerals in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Among all biominerals calcium is essential for body growth and development. It also performs many fundamental functions in cellular metabolism. Inside cell organic matrix is calcified by calcium phosphate minerals. It also embeds bone cells which participate in the maintenance and organization of bone. This article also emphasizes use of hydroxyapatite a natural mineral used as a bone-building supplement with superior absorption in comparison to calcium. It also explains use of scaffolds that mimic the structure and composition of bone tissue and cells. It also signifies use of HAc microparticles or microparticles loaded with PL, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, composite scaffolds of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and silk fibroin (SF) in bone regeneration mainly in osteoregenerative therapy. For better and successful bone regeneration there is a need to develop low cost sintered hydroxyfluorapatite discs to support cellular proliferation and colonization, tailored mineralization, cell and drug delivery. All adhesion components should show low immunoreactivity and high biocompatibility with natural bone tissues. There is an essential need to make new biocompatible materials for scaffolding, biomeinerals and cementing formulations for regeneration of bones, craniomaxillofacial, dental and orthopedic surgery.