Improvement of grain quality of winter wheat in the zone of thermal power station influence

Abstract

During 2018–2020, we conducted researches in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, which were aimed to determine the complex influence of winter wheat seed inoculation with biologic poly-myxobacterin and plant treatment with growth stimulants on the accumulation of heavy metals in grain under aerogenic emissions by thermal power station. It was established effectiveness of the biologic polymyxobac-terin and humic plant growth stimulants, which complex action was aimed to decrease the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the grain of winter wheat cultivated in high man-made load areas. At 2 km distance from the thermal power station (extremely dangerous level of pollution), the copper content in the samples of wheat grain decreased compared to the control variant by 16.9%, the zinc content – by 19.5%. It was identified a significant decrease in the content of the Class 1 dangerous elements: lead – by 34.9%, cadmium – by 33.3. The winter wheat grain yield of Popeliushka variety was 7.9 t/ha, which was by 0.9 t/ha or 12.9% higher compared to the control. The introduction of seed inoculation and plant growth stimulants allow to reduce the pollution risk of grain products at the crop cultivation in industrial regions with a high level of man-made load on agricultural land. The grain grown in 20 km distance from thermal power station (dangerous level of soil pollution) had the less content of heavy metals: copper and zinc – by 15.3%, lead – by 32.3%, cadmium – by 33.3%. The coefficients of biological absorption of chemical elements, which allow to assess the impact of agro-technological measures on the bioaccumulative processes of heavy metals in man-made load areas, decreased by 1.3 times. Key words: winter wheat, technogenic load, biopreparation, growth stimulant, heavy metals, biolog-ical absorption coefficient of heavy metals, yield