Maize grain yield formation depending on macro- and microfertilizers

M. Dudka, O. P. Yakunin, O. Kovtun, O. Hladkyi
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The research results of the foliar fertilization influence with different levels of mineral nutrition on the maize grain yield were presented, and the economic efficiency of growing of grain products was clarified. It was found that when increasing the mineral fertilizer dose from N30P30K30 to N45P45K45 and N60P60K60, the height of plants increased by 3 and 7 cm, the leaf surface area of one plant – by 4.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. Due to foliar fertilization, the height of plants increased by 2–5 cm, and the leaf area changed insignificantly. Depending on the background of mineral nutrition, it was accounted 98–99 ears per 100 maize plants, and in the case of foliar fertilization – 98–100 ears. The maize grain yield on the background of N30P30K30 was 7.56 t/ha, on the background of N45P45K45 and N60P60K60 – 8.65 and 8.68 t/ha, respectively. In the control variant (without spraying) the yield was 7.77 t/ha, and when plants fertilizing with urea (15 kg/ha) – 8.09 t/ha. The grain yield in the variants with maize plant fertilizing with a mixture of urea and micronutrients reached to 8.30–8.78 t/ha. The prime cost of 1 ton of maize grain when growing on the background of N30P30K30 was 1808 UAH, with increasing the fertilizer dose to N45P45K45 and N60P60K60 – 1781 and 1903 UAH, respectively. In the control variant, it was equal to 1828 UAH, in the variants under maize fertilization with urea (15 kg/ha) or a mixture of urea and micronutrients – 1827–1836 UAH. The conditional profit on the background of N30P30K30 was 21878 UAH/ha, it enlarged to 24264–25265 UAH/ha in the case of fertilizer dose increasing. In the control variant (without spraying) the conditional profit was equal to 22310 UAH/ha, when plants were fertilized with urea (15 kg/ha) – 23257 UAH/ha, with a mixture of urea and micronutrients – 23823–25155 UAH/ha. The highest level of profitability (163.9 %) was on the background of N45P45K45; the impact of foliar fertilization on this indicator was insignificant. Key words: maize, fertilizers, foliar fertilization, grain yield, economic efficiency.
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玉米籽粒产量的形成取决于宏量和微量肥料
介绍了不同矿质营养水平下叶面施肥对玉米籽粒产量影响的研究结果,阐明了籽粒生产的经济效益。结果表明,从N30P30K30到N45P45K45和N60P60K60,随着矿肥用量的增加,植株高度分别增加3 cm和7 cm,单株叶表面积分别增加4.8%和10.9%。由于叶面施肥,植株高度增加了2 ~ 5 cm,叶面积变化不显著。在不同的矿质营养背景下,每100株玉米的穗数为98 ~ 99穗,叶面施肥的穗数为98 ~ 100穗。N30P30K30、N45P45K45和N60P60K60背景下玉米籽粒产量分别为7.56 t/ha、8.65 t/ha和8.68 t/ha。对照变异(不喷施)产量为7.77 t/ hm2,施尿素(15 kg/ hm2) - 8.09 t/ hm2。尿素和微量元素混合施肥玉米植株的籽粒产量达到8.30 ~ 8.78 t/ hm2。在N30P30K30背景下,每吨玉米的主要成本为1808 UAH,随着施肥剂量的增加,分别为N45P45K45和N60P60K60 - 1781和1903 UAH。在对照变异中,它等于1828 UAH,在玉米施尿素(15 kg/ hm2)或尿素和微量元素混合施肥的变异中,它等于1827-1836 UAH。在N30P30K30背景下,条件利润为21878 UAH/ha,随着施肥剂量的增加,条件利润增大至24264 ~ 25265 UAH/ha。在对照变种(不喷洒)中,当植物施肥尿素(15公斤/公顷)- 23257 UAH/公顷,尿素和微量营养素混合物- 23823-25155 UAH/公顷时,条件利润等于22310 UAH/公顷。在N45P45K45的背景下,利润率最高(163.9%);叶面施肥对该指标的影响不显著。关键词:玉米,肥料,叶面施肥,产量,经济效益。
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