Evidence of hepatitis B infection and co-infection with enteric fever among febrile patients in a primary health facility in Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B and enteric fever remain infectious diseases of major health concern and the etiologic agents share overlapping regions of high endemicity worldwide. This study determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and enteric fever among febrile patients in Ejule metropolis, North-central Nigeria. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples obtained from 200 consenting patients were screened for hepatitis B and enteric fever with standard diagnostics ABON hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Widal agglutination tests, respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and risk factor information. Of the 200 sera tested, 20 (10%) had HBV alone, 35 (17.5%) enteric fever while 6 (3%) had both HBV/enteric fever. Males recorded more HBV (12% vs 6.7%), enteric fever (20% vs 13.3%), and co-infection (3.2% vs 2.7%) than their counterpart females. Ages 18–30 years were more predisposed to single and dual infections compared to older categories. Although sex, ages as well as the participants’ occupation were not significantly linked to both infections (p > .05). The prevalence of enteric fever differed significantly with being married (p = .01). The illiterate had a higher prevalence of HBV, enteric fever, and dual infection (16.7%, 25%, and 8.3%) compared to higher educational levels. The study confirms the endemicity of hepatitis B and enteric fever in the area. Their concurrent rate highlights the need for clinicians to always consider the laboratory diagnosis of both diseases among febrile patients in endemic regions for proper management in events of co-morbidity. The high prevalence of both infections in connection with illiteracy shows the need to further intensify education of masses on the predisposing risk factors.