Acute Compartment Syndrome in the Anabolic Steroid using Bodybuilder: A Case Report

Abstract

Anabolic steroids are frequently used by bodybuilders in order to achieve a rapid increase in muscle mass and strength. However, this practice may be associated with several complications including a compartment syndrome. A 19-year-old male bodybuilder presented to the emergency department with a lower right leg anterior non-traumatic compartment syndrome associated with a footdrop. He had been using daily anabolic-androgenic steroids for the past 12 weeks. Emergency fasciotomy was done and the patient initiated rehabilitation. Muscles undergoing rapid hypertrophy within a less elastic fascia, as the result of exercise and anabolic steroids, may be more susceptible to compartment syndromes. Increased intra-compartimental pressure originates myocyte necrosis and nerve injury. Thus, in order to preserve muscle and nerve integrity, an emergency fasciotomy in necessary. Steroid acquisition is done over the internet or the black market with little control or regulation. Hence, a greater awareness of this problem and acquisition control is mandatory.