The End of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

Junko Fujisawa
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Abstract

This paper analyzes the negotiations within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance during the final years of its existence, focusing on the Soviet reform proposals and M. S. Gorbachev’s vision of the “Common European Home” as well as on Eastern European reaction to them. In the second half of the 1980s, Gorbachev tried to found a “unified market” for the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance by introducing a market-oriented reform of the organization. However, this attempt did not materialize because of the East German and Romanian objections. After the collapse of Eastern European socialist regimes in 1989, the Soviet leadership urged the member-states to accelerate the reform of this international organization, hoping to achieve the pan-European economic integration through close cooperation between the totally reformed Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the European Community. Although the Central European countries, namely Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, aspired to join the EC individually, they agreed to participate in a successor organization of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance because the EC was not ready to accept them. Accordingly, by the beginning of 1991, all the member-states agreed to establish a consultative organization, which would be named the Organization for International Economic Cooperation). However, as the Soviet Union failed to sustain trade with the Central European countries, the three countries lost interest in the project. As a result, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance was disbanded without any successor organization. In other words, it did not collapse automatically after 1989 but came to an end as a result of various factors, such as rapidly declining trade between the member-states, Western disinterest in the cooperation with it, and the Central European policy changes.
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经济互助委员会的结束
本文分析了经济互助委员会在其存在的最后几年里的谈判,重点是苏联的改革建议和戈尔巴乔夫关于“欧洲共同家园”的愿景,以及东欧对这些建议的反应。在20世纪80年代后半期,戈尔巴乔夫试图通过对该组织进行市场化改革,为经济互助委员会建立一个“统一市场”。然而,由于东德和罗马尼亚的反对,这一尝试没有实现。1989年东欧社会主义政权垮台后,苏联领导人敦促成员国加快改革这一国际组织,希望通过改革后的经济互助委员会与欧共体的密切合作,实现泛欧经济一体化。虽然中欧国家,即捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利和波兰,希望单独加入欧共体,但它们同意参加一个接替经济互助理事会的组织,因为欧共体还没有准备好接受它们。因此,到1991年初,所有成员国都同意建立一个协商组织,该组织将被命名为国际经济合作组织。然而,由于苏联未能维持与中欧国家的贸易,这三个国家对该项目失去了兴趣。结果,经济互助理事会被解散,没有任何后继组织。换句话说,在1989年之后,它并不是自动崩溃的,而是由于成员国之间贸易的迅速下降、西方对与它合作的不感兴趣以及中欧政策的变化等各种因素而结束的。
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