Evaluation of Tepi and Its Surrounding Coffee Collections Against Major Coffee Diseases at Gera and Tepi

Gabisa Gidisa, Zenebe Wubshet, Negasa Dechasa
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Abstract

Coffee has for centuries played an important role in the Ethiopian economy and represents the main cash crop cultivated by small-scale farmers for social, economic, political and ecological sustainability. The estimated coffee production area in Ethiopia is 561,761 ha. In Ethiopia, coffee berry disease (CBD), coffee wilt disease (CWD) and coffee leaf rust (CLR) are foremost factors in reducing the quantity and quality of coffee in the country. developing disease resistant landrace coffee varieties and boost the yield with their intrinsic cup quality, a multidisciplinary research program has been designed and implemented at Jimma agricultural research center. To meet this objectives, local land race development program of Tepi 88 coffee collections were started in 2015 and 108 coffee accessions were collected and planted in 2016 at Tepi and Gera research sub centre by Jimma Agricultural Research Center. so, 88 coffee accessions were evaluated for their resistance using visual assessment, attached berry test to CBD, visual to scores CLR and laboratory inoculation test to CWD. There were significant differences among the Tepi coffee collections tested for resistance to coffee berry disease. The range was from 0% (T-83/2011) – 98% (T-63/2011) most of Tepi coffee accessions show susceptable reaction for CBD but most of the accessions show resistance reaction at Gera. Coffee collections were also evaluated for their resistance to coffee leaf rust under field condition at Tepi research center. Highly significant difference among coffee cultivars in percent coffee leaf rust severity was observed (Table 1). Coffee leaf rust disease percent severity varied between 0.17% (T-41/2011) – 21.7% (T-11/2011). There existed highly significant difference among cultivars both in percent wilt seedlings death and incubation period). Disease severity and incubation period on Tepi coffee collections varied between 9.33% (T-06/2011) –97.3% (T-21/2011) and 132 -10 days respectively. Based on over all detailed analysis of field evaluation and greenhouse test investigation for major diseases, and their Yield potentials, Nine Tepi coffee accessions were promoted to Variety verification.
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特皮市及其周边地区咖啡采集区对Gera和特皮市主要咖啡病害的防治评价
几个世纪以来,咖啡在埃塞俄比亚经济中发挥了重要作用,代表了小农种植的主要经济作物,以实现社会、经济、政治和生态的可持续性。埃塞俄比亚的咖啡生产面积估计为561,761公顷。在埃塞俄比亚,咖啡浆果病(CBD)、咖啡枯萎病(CWD)和咖啡叶锈病(CLR)是导致该国咖啡数量和质量下降的主要因素。吉马农业研究中心设计并实施了一项多学科研究计划,旨在开发抗病的地方咖啡品种,并通过其固有的杯质提高产量。为了实现这一目标,吉马农业研究中心于2015年启动了Tepi的当地土地竞赛发展计划,并于2016年在Tepi和Gera研究分中心收集和种植了108棵咖啡。采用目测法、附果法、目测法、CLR法和室内接种法对88份咖啡的CBD抗性进行了评价。在对咖啡浆果病的抗性测试中,Tepi咖啡收藏品之间存在显着差异。在0% (T-83/2011) ~ 98% (T-63/2011)范围内,大部分Tepi咖啡品种对CBD呈敏感反应,而大部分品种对Gera呈抗性反应。并在大田条件下对咖啡叶锈病的抗性进行了评价。不同咖啡品种间的叶锈病严重程度差异极显著(表1)。咖啡叶锈病严重程度在0.17% (T-41/2011) - 21.7% (T-11/2011)之间变化。不同品种间在枯萎病幼苗死亡率和潜伏期上均存在极显著差异。Tepi咖啡采集的疾病严重程度和潜伏期分别在9.33% (T-06/2011) -97.3% (T-21/2011)和132 -10天之间变化。在全面详细分析大田鉴定和大棚试验调查主要病害及其产量潜力的基础上,将9个特皮咖啡品种提升到品种鉴定阶段。
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