MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY TESTING'S BENEFITS IN A VARIETY OF CANCERS

Abstract

The accumulation of mutations across the genome, notably in microsatellite (MS) DNA repeat sequences, is a hallmark of MSI/dMMR tumors. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a genetic change in which microsatellites, which typically have one to six nucleotide repetitions, acquire mutations corresponding to small nucleotide deletions or insertions. Immunohistochemistry or a PCR-based test directed against a set of five MS areas were used to create an MSI detection method. MSI is a significant biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options.