Hydroacoustic survey of benthic macro-vegetation in the protected offshore area of Cape Martyan (Crimea, Black Sea)

Q4 Environmental Science Marine Biological Journal Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI:10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.02
Yu. G. Artemov, S. Y. Sadogurskiy, Y. Plugatar, T. V. Belich, S. A. Sadogurskaya, D. B. Evtushenko
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Survey of benthic macro-vegetation (BMV) was conducted within the marine part of the nature reserve “Cape Martyan” (the South Coast of Crimea) using hydrobotanical (contact) and hydroacoustic (remote sensing) methods. It clearly showed a fundamental possibility and efficiency of using mobile acoustic equipment based on the SeaCharter 480 DF echo sounder and specialized software WaveLens for detecting and studying general nature of BMV, as well as for identifying BMV boundaries, projective cover, height, etc. The method, including software, was adapted and tested to automatically determine the height of BMV from the sound backscatter profile. In good conformity with data of contact methods, the zonality of BMV distribution along the coastline with a propagation boundary limited by 10–12 m isobaths was shown using acoustic method. The total area of BMV is of about 0.39 km²; the maximum values of the projective cover reach 95–97 % at a depth of 2–3 m, but decrease to 50–70 % at greater depth boundary. It is established that the total stocks of sublittoral BMV reach 1431.3 tones, of which 99.6 % are in the community of Cystoseira. It is noted that cystoseires (Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 and Cystoseira crinita Duby, 1830) and seagrasses (Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 and Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832), whose communities dominate the vegetation cover of the area, are strong sound scatterers due to high acoustic impedance between air containing in organs and tissues and seawater, which significantly increases the efficiency of detection and description of BMV. At depths of up to 32 m, unidentified bottom acoustic objects in the form of single or group targets up to 2–4 m were recorded at the lower boundary of the BMV; their nature is probably different and is due to the presence of methane seeps or dense accumulations of fish in the studied area. The attention is drawn that conducting a quantitative study of BMV using hydroacoustic methods reduces the negative transforming effect on the object of study, since it does not imply a significant removal of BMV, for example, during mapping. This is especially important in the conditions of nature reserve regime within the specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The study clearly showed the effectiveness of the joint use of contact and distance methods. The results of this study form the basis of the BMV hydroacoustic monitoring; they will be used to map vegetation cover and to determine algae abundance in the protected coastal-marine area near Cape Martyan and other aquatic SPNA.
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黑海克里米亚马尔丁角近海保护区底栖大型植被水声调查
采用水植物学(接触)和水声(遥感)方法对克里米亚南部海岸“Martyan角”自然保护区海洋部分的底栖大型植被(BMV)进行了调查。利用基于SeaCharter 480df回声测深仪和专用软件wavens的移动声学设备探测和研究BMV的一般性质,识别BMV的边界、投影覆盖、高度等,具有基本的可能性和效率。该方法包括软件,经过调整和测试,可以根据声音后向散射剖面自动确定BMV的高度。声学方法得到了以10 ~ 12 m等深线为传播边界的BMV沿海岸线分布的地带性,与接触法数据吻合较好。BMV总面积约0.39 km²;在2 ~ 3 m深度处,投影覆盖度最大值可达95 ~ 97%,而在更深的深度边界处,投影覆盖度下降至50 ~ 70%。结果表明,该地区浅海BMV总资源量达1431.3 t,其中99.6%集中在Cystoseira群落。需要指出的是,囊藻(Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820和Cystoseira crinita Duby, 1830)和海草(Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753和Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832)的群落在该地区植被覆盖中占主导地位,由于器官和组织所含空气与海水之间的高声阻抗,它们是强声散射体,这大大提高了BMV的检测和描述效率。在深度达32 m处,在BMV的下边界记录到深度达2-4 m的单个或组目标形式的不明底声物体;它们的性质可能是不同的,这是由于在研究区域存在甲烷渗漏或鱼类密集聚集。需要注意的是,使用水声方法进行BMV的定量研究可以减少对研究对象的负面转化效应,因为这并不意味着在绘图过程中显著去除BMV。这在特别自然保护区(SPNA)内的自然保护区制度条件下尤为重要。该研究清楚地显示了接触和距离方法联合使用的有效性。研究结果为BMV水声监测奠定了基础;它们将被用来绘制植被覆盖图,并确定马蒂安角和其他水生SPNA附近受保护的沿海海洋区域的藻类丰度。
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来源期刊
Marine Biological Journal
Marine Biological Journal Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
21 weeks
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