Determination of the growing season duration of popcorn lines (Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.) according to the FAO classification

D. S. Kuprichenkov
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Abstract

Topicality. The of the growing season is the main breeding trait, which determines the practical use of the initial material of popcorn in a particular agroclimatic zone. Thus, so the differentiation of samples on this trait is important and relevant. Issues. Most methods for determining FAO index of popcorn lines and hybrids (Zea Mays L.) are based on the standard with a certain maturity group, while for maize (Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.) such standards are not available. Purpose. To determine the FAO index of new popcorn lines on three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperature sum during the growing season, and the growing season duration. Materials and Methods. The initial material was 46 popcorn lines in S5, which were developed in the Food Maize Breeding Laboratory at the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The field trials were carried out at the Synelnykove Breeding and Research Station during 2020–2021. The FAO index of popcorn lines was determined according to Adryushchenko and Kryvytsky’s method. Results. We have determined the growing season duration of new popcorn lines according to the FAO classification by three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperatures sum during the growing season and the number of days until full ripening. Conclusions. It was noted that the indicator values that determine the maturity group of S5 popcorn lines can vary with growing conditions. Therefore, when only one indicator is used, we cannot obtain the accurate results. It is possible to reliably identify the maturity groups of initial material by the means of the proposed method of FAO determination on three indicators. Based on the results of the research, the new popcorn lines were divided into 3 groups. It was found that the mid-early ripening group (FAO 240-250) includes 4 lines in S5 - IKR 2-1, IKR 11-9, RV 3 and RV 1; to the mid-ripening group (FAO 320-390) – 32 lines in S5, including RR1, RR11, RS 13, RB 3, RK 43, RK 32, IKR 11-3, etc.; to the mid-late ripening group (FAO 400 - 410) - 10 lines in S5, including RV 18, RV 11, RP 61, RS 3, RV 6, etc.. It is proposed to select the lines of mid-early and mid-ripening groups for developing the new popcorn hybrids with full-value food popcorn grain. The formed working collection includes 80.4 % of samples of these maturity groups. Key words: breeding, popcorn, line, FAO maturity index, growing season, effective temperature sum.
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根据粮农组织分类确定玉米品系(Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.)生长季节持续时间
时事性。生长季节的不同是主要的育种性状,它决定了在特定农业气候带中爆米花原料的实际使用。因此,样本在这一性状上的差异是重要和相关的。问题。确定玉米品系和杂交种(Zea Mays L.)粮农组织指数的大多数方法是基于具有特定成熟度组的标准,而对于玉米(Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.)则没有这样的标准。目的。以单株叶片数、生长季有效温度总和、生长季持续时间3个指标确定玉米新品系FAO指数。材料与方法。最初的材料是S5的46个爆米花系,由乌克兰国家农业科学院粮食作物研究所的食用玉米育种实验室开发。田间试验于2020-2021年在Synelnykove育种研究站进行。根据Adryushchenko和Kryvytsky的方法确定了爆米花系的FAO指数。结果。我们根据粮农组织的分类,通过三个指标确定了新的爆米花品系的生长季节持续时间:每株叶片数、生长季节的有效温度总和和直到完全成熟的天数。结论。我们注意到,决定S5爆米花系成熟度组的指标值会随着生长条件的变化而变化。因此,当只使用一个指标时,我们无法得到准确的结果。通过粮农组织建议的确定三个指标的方法,可以可靠地确定初始材料的成熟度组。根据研究结果,将爆米花新品系分为3组。发现中早熟组(FAO 240-250)包括4个品系,分别为:IKR 2-1、IKR 11-9、RV 3和RV 1;到中熟组(FAO 320-390) - S5中的32个品系,包括RR1、RR11、RS 13、RB 3、RK 43、RK 32、IKR 11-3等;到中晚熟组(FAO 400 - 410) - S5中的10个品系,包括RV 18、RV 11、RP 61、RS 3、RV 6等。建议选育中早、中熟群体株系,培育具有全价值粮食爆米花粒的爆米花新品种。形成的工作集合包括这些成熟度组的80.4%的样本。关键词:育种,爆米花,品系,FAO成熟度指数,生长季节,有效温度总和。
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