Mercury accumulation in suspended matter of foam and water of the Black Sea

Q4 Environmental Science Marine Biological Journal Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI:10.21072/mbj.2020.05.3.07
A. Stetsiuk
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The ability of suspended matter to concentrate mercury may be the prevailing factor in Black Sea purification. As a result of sedimentation, suspended particles transport pollution from the surface layer of the water column and, as a consequence, can deposit them in bottom sediments, thus participating in self-purification of marine area. Suspended matter, as a dispersed phase of an aqueous medium, considered as a heterogeneous dispersed system, can be more saturated with mercury than water itself, as a dispersion medium. In this work, contribution of dissolved and suspended forms of mercury to its total content was determined, and concentrating ability of suspended matter relative to mercury, which affects biogeochemical self-purification of waters from mercury, was estimated. All water samples were separated into filtrate and suspension by filtration through nucleopore filters with a pore diameter of 0.45 μm. Measurements of mercury concentration were carried out using a Hiranuma-1 analyzer by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Concentration of dissolved mercury in water was determined per liter, while in suspended matter – per liter and per gram of dry weight. Prevalence of dissolved form of mercury was revealed regardless of the season, with its percentage varying from 66.3 to 85.8 % of total mercury concentration. Average content of suspended form varied in the range of 14.2–33.7 % of its total form. Values of the dry weight of suspended matter (mss) varied from 0.1 to 15.0 mg·L−1 over the entire period studied, and an accumulation coefficient of mercury in suspended matter (Kss) varied from n·10³ to n·107. Significant contribution of suspended form of mercury in sea foam to its total content in stormy weather was established. With dry weight of suspended matter in seawater reaching 9.6 mg·L−1, the concentration of dissolved form of mercury reached 55 ng·L−1, and the concentration of suspended one reached 20 ng·L−1. In sea foam, the concentration of suspended sedimentary matter was of 895.2 mg·L−1; mercury concentration reached 200 ng·L−1 in dissolved form and 260 ng·L−1 in suspended one. Total mercury concentration in sea foam in this case exceeded the threshold limit value (100 ng·L−1) for seawater. The accumulation coefficient of mercury in suspended matter (Kss) was 3.8·104 for seawater and 1.5·103 for foam. Such distribution of mercury in sea suspension, foam, and water, as well as Kss values obtained, may indicate high significance of suspended matter in self-purification of marine area. At a low mercury content in water, the concentrating ability of suspended matter, characterized by relatively high values of its mercury accumulation coefficient, becomes a very significant factor in the sedimentation self-purification of waters from mercury; however, with an increase in water pollution with mercury, the effect of this factor decreases.
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在黑海的泡沫和水的悬浮物中的汞积累
悬浮物浓缩汞的能力可能是黑海净化的主要因素。由于沉降作用,悬浮颗粒将污染从水柱的表层转移到海底沉积物中,从而参与海洋区域的自净。悬浮物作为水介质的分散相,被认为是一种非均相分散体系,作为分散介质,它比水本身更容易被汞饱和。在这项工作中,确定了汞的溶解形式和悬浮形式对其总含量的贡献,并估计了悬浮物相对于汞的富集能力,这影响了汞对水的生物地球化学自净化。所有水样通过孔径为0.45 μm的核孔过滤器过滤,分离成滤液和悬浮液。采用原子吸收分光光度法,用平沼-1型分析仪测定汞浓度。水中溶解汞的浓度测定为每升,悬浮物中的浓度测定为每升和每克干重。无论季节如何,汞溶解形式的普遍存在,其占总汞浓度的百分比从66.3%到85.8%不等。悬浮形态的平均含量在14.2 ~ 33.7%之间。在整个研究期间,悬浮物干重(mss)在0.1 ~ 15.0 mg·L−1之间变化,悬浮物中汞的积累系数(Kss)在n·10³~ n·107之间变化。在暴风雨天气中,海洋泡沫中悬浮形式的汞对其总含量有显著贡献。当海水中悬浮物干重达到9.6 mg·L−1时,汞的溶解态浓度达到55 ng·L−1,悬浮物浓度达到20 ng·L−1。海泡中悬浮沉积物浓度为895.2 mg·L−1;汞溶态浓度达到200 ng·L−1,悬浮态浓度达到260 ng·L−1。在这种情况下,海泡沫中的总汞浓度超过了海水的阈值(100 ng·L−1)。悬浮物中汞的积累系数(Kss)在海水中为3.8·104,在泡沫中为1.5·103。这种汞在海洋悬浮物、泡沫和水中的分布,以及得到的Kss值,可能表明悬浮物在海洋区域的自净化中具有很高的意义。在水中汞含量较低的情况下,悬浮物的富集能力(其汞积累系数较高)成为水体汞沉降自净的重要因素;然而,随着汞污染的增加,这一因素的影响减弱。
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来源期刊
Marine Biological Journal
Marine Biological Journal Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
21 weeks
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