Degree of plasticity of wheat winter varieties in different ecotypes

Abstract

Topicality. Over the past decades, a breeding program of leading scientific institutions has been implemented to improve soft winter wheat varieties in terms of yield, grain weight per main spike, degree of plasticity and genotypic effect. These characteristics demonstrate the ability of varieties to adapt to environmental changes. Purpose. To determine the degree of plasticity, level of stability, breeding value of modern varieties of soft winter wheat developed by leading scientific institutions. Materials and Methods. During 2020-2022, 15 varieties of soft winter wheat were examined in the crop rotation of the Breeding and Seed Production Department of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. Accounting and observations were carried out according to the methodology of state variety testing. Ecological plasticity was determined by the methodology of the Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS according to the OSGE application package Tlite Systems gr. Results. The presented varieties have the sum of ranks 2 and 3 for the trait "grain weight per main spike", which indicates their high plasticity due to the stability of genetic potential realisation and their greater adaptation to the growing conditions in the northern subzone of the Steppe of Ukraine. The level of stability, plasticity and breeding value of varieties in different conditions of growing seasons was determined. The varieties Smuhlianka, Podolianka, Peremoha, Ihrysta, Komertsiina, Korusna and Yednist showed the highest level of plasticity. This allows us to predict the realisation of plasticity under sufficient moisture supply during the growing season and a slight decrease it under drought. Conclusions. The stability, plasticity, and breeding value for 15 varieties of soft winter wheat were determined. Under changing environmental conditions, authors revealed the possibility of their genetic potential for yield and ecological plasticity over the years due to the high stability of the genetic effect of the trait. The breeding value of modern varieties in terms of adaptability was confirmed to use them as a source material and introduce into production in conditions of unstable and insufficient moisture supply. Key words: yield, grain weight of the main spike, genotypic effect, stability, breeding value