Neogene History of the Amazonian Flora: A Perspective Based on Geological, Palynological, and Molecular Phylogenetic Data

IF 11.3 1区 地球科学 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI:10.1146/annurev-earth-081522-090454
C. Hoorn, L. Lohmann, L. Boschman, F. Condamine
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The Amazon hosts one of the largest and richest rainforests in the world, but its origins remain debated. Growing evidence suggests that geodiversity and geological history played essential roles in shaping the Amazonian flora. Here we summarize the geo-climatic history of the Amazon and review paleopalynological records and time-calibrated phylogenies to evaluate the response of plants to environmental change. The Neogene fossil record suggests major sequential changes in plant composition and an overall decline in diversity. Phylogenies of eight Amazonian plant clades paint a mixed picture, with the diversification of most groups best explained by constant speciation rates through time, while others indicate clade-specific increases or decreases correlated with climatic cooling or increasing Andean elevation. Overall, the Amazon forest seems to represent a museum of diversity with a high potential for biological diversification through time. To fully understand how the Amazon got its modern biodiversity, further multidisciplinary studies conducted within a multimillion-year perspective are needed. ▪ The history of the Amazon rainforest goes back to the beginning of the Cenozoic (66 Ma) and was driven by climate and geological forces. ▪ In the early Neogene (23–13.8 Ma), a large wetland developed with episodic estuarine conditions and vegetation ranging from mangroves to terra firme forest. ▪ In the late Neogene (13.8–2.6 Ma), the Amazon changed into a fluvial landscape with a less diverse and more open forest, although the details of this transition remain to be resolved. ▪ These geo-climatic changes have left imprints on the modern Amazonian diversity that can be recovered with dated phylogenetic trees. ▪ Amazonian plant groups show distinct responses to environmental changes, suggesting that Amazonia is both a refuge and a cradle of biodiversity.
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亚马逊植物群的新近纪历史:基于地质、孢粉学和分子系统发育数据的视角
亚马逊拥有世界上最大和最丰富的热带雨林之一,但它的起源仍然存在争议。越来越多的证据表明,地质多样性和地质历史在塑造亚马逊植物群方面发挥了重要作用。在此,我们总结了亚马逊地区的地质气候历史,回顾了古孢粉记录和时间校准的系统发育,以评估植物对环境变化的响应。新近纪的化石记录表明植物组成的主要顺序变化和多样性的总体下降。8个亚马逊植物分支的系统发育描绘了一幅复杂的画面,大多数群体的多样化最好的解释是随着时间的推移,物种形成的速度不变,而其他分支的特定增减量与气候变冷或安第斯山脉海拔的升高有关。总的来说,亚马逊森林似乎代表了一个多样性博物馆,随着时间的推移,它具有很高的生物多样性潜力。为了充分了解亚马逊是如何获得现代生物多样性的,需要在数百万年的视角下进行进一步的多学科研究。▪亚马逊雨林的历史可以追溯到新生代初期(66ma),并受到气候和地质力量的推动。▪在新近纪早期(23-13.8 Ma),形成了一个大型湿地,具有间断性河口条件和从红树林到陆地温带森林的植被。▪在新第三纪晚期(13.8-2.6 Ma),亚马逊河变成了河流景观,森林的多样性减少,森林更加开阔,尽管这种转变的细节仍有待解决。▪这些地质气候变化在现代亚马逊的多样性上留下了印记,这些印记可以通过过时的系统发育树来恢复。▪亚马逊的植物群对环境变化表现出不同的反应,这表明亚马逊既是生物多样性的避难所,也是生物多样性的摇篮。
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来源期刊
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 地学天文-地球科学综合
CiteScore
25.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: Since its establishment in 1973, the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences has been dedicated to providing comprehensive coverage of advancements in the field. This esteemed publication examines various aspects of earth and planetary sciences, encompassing climate, environment, geological hazards, planet formation, and the evolution of life. To ensure wider accessibility, the latest volume of the journal has transitioned from a gated model to open access through the Subscribe to Open program by Annual Reviews. Consequently, all articles published in this volume are now available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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