{"title":"Chapter Two: Comparative defence statistics","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2021.1868791","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"a Includes Armed Forces Pension Scheme; b Total defence expenditure including National Guard, Federal Border Service and military pensions; c Excludes security expenditure; d Includes US Foreign Military Assistance. Note: US dollar totals are calculated using average market exchange rates for 2020, derived using IMF data. The relative position of countries will vary not only as a result of actual adjustments in defence spending levels, but also due to exchange-rate uctuations between domestic currencies and the US dollar. The use of average exchange rates reduces these uctuations, but the effects of such movements can be signi cant in a number of cases. Security spending removed from Middle East estimates (including Saudi Arabia and Iraq). Armed Forces Pension Scheme and Special Appropriations (pensions) added to UK and Australia budgets respectively.","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"10 1","pages":"23 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Military Balance","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2021.1868791","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
a Includes Armed Forces Pension Scheme; b Total defence expenditure including National Guard, Federal Border Service and military pensions; c Excludes security expenditure; d Includes US Foreign Military Assistance. Note: US dollar totals are calculated using average market exchange rates for 2020, derived using IMF data. The relative position of countries will vary not only as a result of actual adjustments in defence spending levels, but also due to exchange-rate uctuations between domestic currencies and the US dollar. The use of average exchange rates reduces these uctuations, but the effects of such movements can be signi cant in a number of cases. Security spending removed from Middle East estimates (including Saudi Arabia and Iraq). Armed Forces Pension Scheme and Special Appropriations (pensions) added to UK and Australia budgets respectively.
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