Maxim Gorky’s last publishing project: The History of the Village in the context of the writer’s other projects of the 1930s

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/29/4
L. V. Sumatokhina
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Abstract

Maxim Gorky’s unrealized publishing project History of the Village was the last in a series of the writer’s ideas, such as the History of the Civil War, the History of Factories and Plants, the History of Cities, etc. The idea of the History of the Village took shape in February 1935, when work was already underway on other projects. Gorky’s first ideas related in one way or another to the History of the Village appeared in the early 1930s: the history of agriculture, the history of the peasant. In the 1930s, the idea of writing the history of collective farms and state farms by analogy with the History of Factories and Plants came not only to Gorky: such initiatives came from a variety of sources. At the beginning of 1934, the idea of a peasant project was discussed in the Gorky House. During 1934, the Kolkhoznik magazine was created, and the Biblioteka Kolkhoznika (Library of the Collective Farmer) book series was conceived, which later became part of the History of the Village. Gorky’s article “History of the Village”, published in the central newspapers at the end of February 1935, should be considered the beginning of the work on the project. It took a month and a half to develop a detailed project plan and structure, and to select key employees. A special feature of the structure of the History of the Village was the combination of two types of book series: actual historical and literary-artistic. In terms of content, there is a connection between the History of the Village and the projects History of the Civil War, History of Factories and Plants, History of Cities. The editorial board of the History of the Village decided to start working on books on the history of the village Platovskaya (the birthplace of S.M. Budyonny), the village Gulyai-pole (the birthplace of N.I. Makhno), the Bessarabian commune named after G.I. Kotovsky. They also decided to start developing the history of 50 to 60 collective and state farms. However, Gorky was much more interested in the history of settlements and villages. He thought of the History of the Village by analogy with his other project, the History of Cities. The idea to create such a series appeared at the end of 1931. Active work on it began in 1933 in the Academia publishing house, which was headed by L.B. Kamenev. Speaking of the History of Cities, Gorky necessarily includes the peasant theme in the course of his thoughts. Gorky selected the same sources to work on projects. The plan of the History of the Village contained an item “history of the city (for the village)”. Initially, the History of Cities was called the History of Cities as the History of Russian life”. The second part of this title is the semantic core that unites both projects. Gorky understood life broadly - as culture, a complex of everyday life that forms a certain type of a person. We can say that the History of the Village was to continue and supplement the History of Cities project. Moreover, after the murder of S.M. Kirov on December 1, 1934, and the arrest of L.B. Kamenev, accused of involvement in this political crime, trouble was in the air for the Academia publishing house, and the History of Cities was called into question. Gorky’s plan was not realized, just like most of the writer’s other publishing projects of the 1930s. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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马克西姆·高尔基的最后一个出版项目:在20世纪30年代作家其他项目的背景下出版的《村庄的历史》
马克西姆·高尔基未实现的出版计划《村代史》是他一系列构想的最后一部,这些构想包括《内战史》、《工厂史》、《城市史》等。《村史》的构思于1935年2月成形,当时其他项目已经在进行中。高尔基的第一个思想或多或少与《村史》有关,出现在20世纪30年代初:农业的历史,农民的历史。在20世纪30年代,以《工厂和植物的历史》为参照来撰写集体农场和国营农场历史的想法不仅来自高尔基:这样的倡议来自各种各样的来源。1934年初,高尔基住宅讨论了农民项目的想法。1934年,《Kolkhoznik》杂志创刊,《集体农民图书馆》(Biblioteka Kolkhoznika)系列丛书被构思出来,后来成为《村史》的一部分。1935年2月底在中央报纸上发表的高尔基的文章《村庄的历史》应该被认为是这个工程的开始。我们花了一个半月的时间来制定详细的项目计划和结构,并选择关键员工。《村史》结构的一个特点是实史和文艺两类丛书的结合。在内容上,《村庄的历史》与《内战的历史》、《工厂和植物的历史》、《城市的历史》等项目有联系。《村庄历史》的编辑委员会决定开始编写关于普拉托夫斯卡亚村(S.M.布多尼的出生地)、古利埃-波尔村(N.I. Makhno的出生地)、以G.I.科托夫斯基命名的比萨拉比亚公社的历史的书籍。他们还决定开始发展50到60个集体和国营农场的历史。然而,高尔基对定居点和村庄的历史更感兴趣。他把《村庄的历史》和他的另一个项目《城市的历史》相提并论。创作这样一个系列的想法出现在1931年底。1933年,加米涅夫(L.B. Kamenev)领导的学术出版社开始积极开展这方面的工作。谈及《城市史》,高尔基的思想必然包含农民主题。高尔基选择了同样的资源来进行项目。《村庄历史》的平面图中有一项是“城市(为村庄)的历史”。最初,《城市史》被称为《作为俄罗斯生活史的城市史》。本标题的第二部分是将两个项目联合起来的语义核心。高尔基对生活的理解很宽泛——作为一种文化,一种日常生活的综合体,形成了某种类型的人。可以说,《村寨史》是对《城市史》项目的延续和补充。此外,在1934年12月1日S.M.基洛夫被谋杀和L.B.加米涅夫被指控参与这一政治罪行被捕之后,学术出版社陷入了困境,《城市史》受到了质疑。高尔基的计划没有实现,就像这位作家在20世纪30年代的大多数其他出版计划一样。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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