Endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffness and their correction with perindopril, losartan in patients with ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease after coronary stenting

Abstract

Objective. To study the state of arterial stiffness and endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to determine the effect of Perindopril and Losartan therapy on these indices including after coronary stenting. Materials and Methods. The study involved 73 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), AH and CHD stage 2-3a. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients with CHD and AH without renal pathology. Patients with CKD were divided into 3 subgroups: the 1st - on conservative therapy with Perindopril 10 mg; the 2nd - with Losartan 100 mg daily; the 3rd - those who underwent coronary stenting and were treated with Perindopril 10 mg daily. Arterial stiffness, plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), metabolites of nitric oxide were assessed initially and after 12 weeks of therapy. Results. The patients with CHD and hypertension had a more severe endothelial dysfunction (ED) and more significant arterial stiffness. There was a correlation between GFR and PWV levels (r = -0.75; p = 0.001), nitric oxide levels (r = 0.58; p<0.01), ET-1 (r = -0.72; p < 0.01). After 12 weeks of therapy, all three subgroups showed a statistically significant decrease in ET-1 and vascular wall stiffness. Conclusion. Patients with CHD and AH, CKD had more profound ED and the severity of arterial stiffness. The use of Perindopril and Losartan in complex therapy resulted in a glomerular filtration rate increase, was accompanied by a corrective effect on ED and decreased arterial stiffness, especially in patients undergoing coronary stenting.