Anatomical and genetic identification of two Euphorbia species

Abstract

Background: Euphorbia antiquorum L. and Euphorbia neriifolia L. belong to the family Euphorbiaceae. E. antiquorum and E. neriifolia are considered as botanical source of Tridhara Snuhi and Snuhi, respectively. E. antiquorum has been reported for its anticancer effect in different cancer cell lines and E. neriifolia is traditionally used in the management of digestive problem, respiratory problem, etc. The present study was designed to evaluate anatomical and genetic characterization of E. antiquorum and E. neriifolia. Material and Methods: Anatomical evaluation was assessed through macroscopic and microsopic evaluation of stem and leaf of both the plants, whereas genetic characterization was examined through DNA barcoding analysis of leaf sample of both the plants. Result: Both plants are xerophytic in nature and bear a good amount of milky white latex, and shrub to small tree in nature. Microscopically, stem and leaf of both the plants contain latex duct in transverse section. All these characters highlights the key characters of family Euphorbiaceae. DNA barcoding confirms the molecular identity of both the plants. Conclusion: Data specified in the present study regarding anatomical and genetic characters will help for easy identification of both the plants, that is, Euphorbia antiquorum L. and Euphorbia neriifolia L.