Characteristics of jaw force relations in rehabilitation of patients with total tooth loss and removable dentures: a clinical and pathophysiological study

Abstract

At the present time the complete loss of teeth is frequent, especially in older age groups, and their rehabilitation with the use of full removable acrylic dentures is not always effective. Objective: to estimate the peculiarities of patients adaptation to the full removable dentures taking into account the jaw strength characteristics and application of adhesive agents to improve denture fixation. Materials and methods. 34 elderly women suffering from the total loss of teeth were under observation. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients, who after fabrication of full removable dentures, during the whole adaptation period did not use any adhesive means for improvement of fixation of removable dentures and group 2 used ASEPTA parodontal cream for fixation of dentures. Indexes of gnathodinamometry and indexes of test with nucleus according to I.S. Rubinov were evaluated in all patients after fitting and application of prosthesis. Results. It has been established, that good jaw strength characteristics (81-105 N), as well as good fixation and stabilization of new dental restorations are determined during rehabilitation of patients with full tooth loss using removable dentures. The study has shown that to optimize the force characteristics of the jaws while using the full removable acrylic dentures and to increase their stability it is possible to use adhesive means for fixing dentures, thus reducing the number of visits for denture correction to 1.25±0.41 and improving gnathodinamometry parameters by 7.21-29.1%. Conclusion. Dental rehabilitation of complete tooth loss with full removable acrylic dentures is quite effective, especially when using removable denture fixation means. The use of the latter requires increased oncological vigilance due to the presence of chronic traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa, proceeding without painful symptoms and being facultative precancer.