INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER SYSTEMS ON SOIL FERTILITY OF TYPICAL BLACK SOIL AND WINTER WHEAT YIELD

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the effect of fertilizer systems on soil fertility and winter wheat yield. The study was carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. The research materials were: straw; "Biocomposite-correct"biopreparation; zeolite; zeolite enriched with amino acids; Saratovskaya 17winter wheat variety. The scheme of the experiment included 8 variants: 1. Control; 2. Straw; 3. Straw+N10kg/t; 4. Straw + "Biocomposite-correct"; 5. "Biocomposite-correct"; 6. N64P32K54 (NPK); 7. Zeolite, 500 kg/ha; 8. Zeolite enriched with amino acids, 500 kg/ha. The area of the record plot is 20 m2 (2*10), the experiment is repeated four times. The soil of the experimental field is typical black soil. The experiments were carried out with strict observance of all methodological requirements, analyzes - according to the relevant state standards. It was found that mutual usage of straw and a biological product, as well as fertilizers based on zeolite, significantly improves physical (the structural coefficient increased by 0.3-2.1 units), biological (the degree of cellulose decomposition increased by 14-27 relative percent) and agrochemical (the content of mineral nitrogen increased up to 16% in the arable layer of the soil, available phosphorus compounds up to 23% and potassium up to 12%), the properties of the typical black soil. The yield of winter wheat was at the level of 6.08 t/ha , on average for 3 years,when zeolite enriched with amino acids was introduced into the soil, which is not inferior to the variant with mineral fertilizer. It is possible to increase soil fertility, as well as winter wheatyield, using biological farming techniques. Environmentally friendly farming, using mainly organic fertilizers and biological agents, will allow to abandon or reduce the dose of mineral fertilizers.