Effect of Fluoroquinolones on the Activity of the Glutathione System in the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract

An important role in the etiotropic therapy of purulent-inflammatory complications take fluoroquinolones which are active against pathogenic microflora. Due to their wide range of antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, good pharmacokinetics properties, they are widely use in the treatment of bacterial infections of different localization. These are drugs of ultra-wide range of activity, active against gram-positive and gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, chlamydia, mycoplasma, mycobacteria [1-4]. Fluoroquinolones are synthesized by introducing into the molecule 4-quinolones – one, two or four fluorine atoms [1,2]. These synthetic antibiotics have a specific mechanism of action, which is to inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV of bacterial cells – the enzyme responsible for the stability of the DNA structure of the bacteria and is involved in cell division [2,3,5]. Under the action of fluoroquinolones, the bacterial cell's DNA is despiralized, its spatial structure is disrupted and, as a consequence, the process of replication, transcription, translation, and cell death is impaired. The pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones include antibacterial (bacteriocidal), postantibiotic and immunomodulatory effects [7,8]. Drugs 2nd generations (for example, ciprofloxacin) are active in a wide range of gram-negative aerobic microorganisms as well as Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, Escherichia coli [6]. Also active against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moderately active in attitude to pneumococci, enterococci, chlamydia. Its bioavailability is 80%. Third-generation fluoroquinolones are highly active against pneumococci and intracellular pathogens, in particular mycoplasma and chlamydia [6]. Thus. levofloxacin has advantages over other fluoroquinolones against pneumococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma. More frequent it is used for the treatment of respiratory infections, as well as infections of the urogenital tract, skin. New, IV generation fluoroquinolones, in particular moxifloxacin have considerably anymore activity against gram-positive microorganisms compared to previous generations of fluoroquinolones [6]. Moxifloxacin is most active against staphylococci, streptococci. In relation to pneumococci, it is in 4-16 times more active than ciprofloxacin. Moxifloxacin acts on polyresistant strains such as chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma in particular on mycobacterium of tuberculosis, which bioavailability is 90%. It is possible to assume that antibiotics of fluorchinolone if they enter human body also have influence on eukaryotic cells, in particular blood cells. It