Andean bear gastrointestinal parasites in Chingaza Massif, Colombia

Abstract

Abstract: The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only species of the Ursidae that inhabits the Andes in South America. The natural history of the species and health issues related to infectious diseases, particularly the presence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP), is unknown. To determine the prevalence, infestation, and richness of GIP in fecal samples of wild Andean bears, 21 fecal samples were collected at different sites of the Chingaza National Park, Colombia, and its buffer area from February to April of 2019. Samples were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative coprological techniques. A minimum of one parasitic species was present in 100% (n = 21) of the samples and in 86% of them, co-infection was detected. In decreasing order, the observed parasite prevalence was as follows: 100% for Cryptosporidium spp.; 62% for Ascaris spp.; 38% for Baylisascaris spp.; 33% for Trichomonas spp.; 19% for Strongylus spp.; 14% for Microsporidia and Coccidian oocysts; followed by Trichostrongylus spp. and ciliated protozoans with 10%; and Ancylostoma spp., Blastocystis spp., and Fasciola spp. were present in 5% of the samples. The presence of Blastocystis spp., Baylisascaris spp., Ascaris spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. suggests a possible rotation of parasitic species between domestic and wild host species. This is the first report of GIP for Andean bears in the east range of Colombia, which could help to generate other studies in the country and South America.