Brief communication: dental development and enamel thickness in the Lakonis Neanderthal molar.

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI:10.1002/ajpa.20898
T M Smith, K Harvati, A J Olejniczak, D J Reid, J-J Hublin, E Panagopoulou
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Abstract

Developmental and structural affinities between modern human and Neanderthal dental remains continue to be a subject of debate as well as their utility for informing assessments of life history and taxonomy. Excavation of the Middle Paleolithic cave site Lakonis in southern Greece has yielded a lower third molar (LKH 1). Here, we detail the crown development and enamel thickness of the distal cusps of the LKH 1 specimen, which has been classified as a Neanderthal based on the presence of an anterior fovea and mid-trigonid crest. Crown formation was determined using standard histological techniques, and enamel thickness was measured from a virtual plane of section. Developmental differences include thinner cuspal enamel and a lower periodicity than modern humans. Crown formation in the LKH 1 hypoconid is estimated to be 2.6-2.7 years, which is shorter than modern human times. The LKH 1 hypoconid also shows a more rapid overall crown extension rate than modern humans. Relative enamel thickness was approximately half that of a modern human sample mean; enamel on the distal cusps of modern human third molars is extremely thick in absolute and relative terms. These findings are consistent with recent studies that demonstrate differences in crown development, tissue proportions, and enamel thickness between Neanderthals and modern humans. Although overlap in some developmental variables may be found, the results of this and other studies suggest that Neanderthal molars formed in shorter periods of time than modern humans, due in part to thinner enamel and faster crown extension rates.

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简讯:拉科尼斯尼安德特人臼齿的牙齿发育和釉质厚度。
现代人与尼安德特人牙齿残骸在发育和结构上的亲缘关系以及它们在生活史和分类学评估中的作用仍然是一个争论的话题。在希腊南部的旧石器时代中期洞穴遗址拉科尼斯(Lakonis)发掘出了一颗下第三臼齿(LKH 1)。在此,我们详细介绍了 LKH 1 标本远端尖牙的牙冠发育和珐琅质厚度,该标本因存在前窝和中三叉嵴而被归类为尼安德特人。牙冠的形成是通过标准的组织学技术确定的,而釉质的厚度则是通过切片的虚拟平面测量的。与现代人相比,尖牙釉质更薄、周期性更低,这些都是发育上的差异。据估计,LKH 1 下臼齿的牙冠形成期为 2.6-2.7 年,比现代人短。与现代人相比,LKH 1 下侏儒的牙冠整体扩展速度也更快。相对珐琅质厚度约为现代人样本平均值的一半;现代人第三磨牙远端尖牙的珐琅质无论从绝对值还是相对值来看都非常厚。这些发现与最近的研究一致,这些研究表明尼安德特人和现代人在牙冠发育、组织比例和珐琅质厚度方面存在差异。尽管在某些发育变量上可能存在重叠,但本研究和其他研究的结果表明,尼安德特人臼齿形成的时间比现代人短,部分原因是珐琅质更薄、牙冠扩展速度更快。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
3
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Physical Anthropology (AJPA) is the official journal of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. The Journal is published monthly in three quarterly volumes. In addition, two supplements appear on an annual basis, the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, which publishes major review articles, and the Annual Meeting Issue, containing the Scientific Program of the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and abstracts of posters and podium presentations. The Yearbook of Physical Anthropology has its own editor, appointed by the Association, and is handled independently of the AJPA. As measured by impact factor, the AJPA is among the top journals listed in the anthropology category by the Social Science Citation Index. The reputation of the AJPA as the leading publication in physical anthropology is built on its century-long record of publishing high quality scientific articles in a wide range of topics.
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