Emily Moes, Christopher W. Kuzawa, Heather J. H. Edgar
External environmental heat exposure during gestation impacts the physiology of human development in utero, but evidence for these impacts has not yet been explored in dentition. We examined deciduous teeth for fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of developmental instability, together with gestational environmental temperature data drawn from historical weather statistics.
{"title":"Sex-specific effects of environmental temperature during gestation on fluctuating asymmetry in deciduous teeth","authors":"Emily Moes, Christopher W. Kuzawa, Heather J. H. Edgar","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24944","url":null,"abstract":"External environmental heat exposure during gestation impacts the physiology of human development in utero, but evidence for these impacts has not yet been explored in dentition. We examined deciduous teeth for fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of developmental instability, together with gestational environmental temperature data drawn from historical weather statistics.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2021, amid surging activism in the Movement for Black Lives, the Smithsonian Institution's possession of the remains of thousands of African Americans drew widespread attention. In response, the Smithsonian and its National Museum of Natural History undertook a series of steps to assess these remains and to develop a policy for returning as many as possible to descendants and descendant communities, under changes that would apply to all non-Native American remains in Smithsonian collections. This paper reviews the actions taken to date and the work that is still in progress or planned. I contextualize these steps more broadly within an “ethical awakening” to African American remains that have long been present, studied, and displayed in collections across the museum community in the United States, where other institutions have faced similar challenges and changes.
2021 年，在 "黑人生命运动"（Movement for Black Lives）的激进主义浪潮中，史密森尼学会（Smithsonian Institution）拥有的数千具非裔美国人遗骸引起了广泛关注。作为回应，史密森尼学会及其国家自然历史博物馆采取了一系列措施来评估这些遗骸，并根据适用于史密森尼学会收藏的所有非美国原住民遗骸的变化，制定了一项将尽可能多的遗骸归还给后裔和后裔社区的政策。本文回顾了迄今为止所采取的行动以及仍在进行或计划进行的工作。这些遗骸长期以来一直存在于美国博物馆界的藏品中，并被研究和展示，其他机构也面临着类似的挑战和变革。
{"title":"“To honor and remember”: An ethical awakening to African American remains in museums","authors":"Sabrina B. Sholts","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24943","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, amid surging activism in the Movement for Black Lives, the Smithsonian Institution's possession of the remains of thousands of African Americans drew widespread attention. In response, the Smithsonian and its National Museum of Natural History undertook a series of steps to assess these remains and to develop a policy for returning as many as possible to descendants and descendant communities, under changes that would apply to all non-Native American remains in Smithsonian collections. This paper reviews the actions taken to date and the work that is still in progress or planned. I contextualize these steps more broadly within an “ethical awakening” to African American remains that have long been present, studied, and displayed in collections across the museum community in the United States, where other institutions have faced similar challenges and changes.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula S. Tallman, Aaron A. Miller, Sophea R. Brandley, Cassie C. Lee, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Theresa E. Gildner, Shalean M. Collins
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)—a gastric bacteria affecting almost 50% of the global population and leading to ulcers and cancer in severe cases—is a growing health concern among Indigenous populations who report a high burden of reported poor general health and gastrointestinal distress. We test hypothesized associations between H. pylori exposure patterns and environmental, social, and biological conditions among a sample of 212 Indigenous Awajún adults (112 males, 100 females, ages 18–65 years) living in the northern Peruvian Amazon.
{"title":"Helicobacter pylori exposure among the Awajún of the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence and environmental, social, and biological associations","authors":"Paula S. Tallman, Aaron A. Miller, Sophea R. Brandley, Cassie C. Lee, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Theresa E. Gildner, Shalean M. Collins","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24941","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i>—a gastric bacteria affecting almost 50% of the global population and leading to ulcers and cancer in severe cases—is a growing health concern among Indigenous populations who report a high burden of reported poor general health and gastrointestinal distress. We test hypothesized associations between <i>H. pylori</i> exposure patterns and environmental, social, and biological conditions among a sample of 212 Indigenous Awajún adults (112 males, 100 females, ages 18–65 years) living in the northern Peruvian Amazon.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study tests if femoral and humeral cross-sectional geometry (CSG) and cross-sectional properties (CSPs) in an ontogenetic series of wild-caught chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ssp.) reflect locomotor behavior during development. The goal is to clarify the relationship between limb bone structure and locomotor behavior during ontogeny in Pan.
{"title":"Changes in limb bone diaphyseal structure in chimpanzees during development","authors":"Michele M. Bleuze","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24942","url":null,"abstract":"This study tests if femoral and humeral cross-sectional geometry (CSG) and cross-sectional properties (CSPs) in an ontogenetic series of wild-caught chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i> ssp.) reflect locomotor behavior during development. The goal is to clarify the relationship between limb bone structure and locomotor behavior during ontogeny in <i>Pan.</i>","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Osipov, Lesley Harrington, Libby Cowgill, Marla MacKinnon, Helen Kurki
Adult upper limb asymmetry is used to reconstruct behavior. However, the developmental trajectory of asymmetry in bone length, cross-sectional geometry (CSG), and joint dimensions is poorly understood. This study examines the development trajectory of humeral asymmetry and if asymmetry in bone length, joint size, and CSG develop in concert.
{"title":"Asymmetry in linear measurements and cross-sectional geometry in the humerus during ontogeny","authors":"Benjamin Osipov, Lesley Harrington, Libby Cowgill, Marla MacKinnon, Helen Kurki","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24940","url":null,"abstract":"Adult upper limb asymmetry is used to reconstruct behavior. However, the developmental trajectory of asymmetry in bone length, cross-sectional geometry (CSG), and joint dimensions is poorly understood. This study examines the development trajectory of humeral asymmetry and if asymmetry in bone length, joint size, and CSG develop in concert.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.4678679.V1
Miranda E Karban
OBJECTIVES Although the homology of the Neanderthal occipital bun and anatomically modern human "hemi-bun" has long been debated, little is known about the developmental timing and patterning of these two patterns of prominent occipital squama convexity. In this study, occipital hemi-bun ontogeny and cranial shape covariation are assessed in a comparative extant human sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-dimensional geometric morphometric methods were used to investigate hemi-bun development in a longitudinal sample of growth study cephalograms representing extant human subjects predominantly of European ancestry. Subjects were each measured at three distinct age points, ranging from 3.0 to 20.4 years, and two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation between midsagittal occipital bone morphology and other aspects of craniofacial shape. RESULTS Occipital hemi-bun morphology, when present, was found to develop early in ontogeny, in association with anteroposterior elongation of the frontal and parietal bones. No significant pattern of covariation was found between occipital hemi-bun shape and cranial/basicranial breadth, basicranial length, basicranial angle, or midfacial prognathism. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the occipital hemi-bun, at least in this extant human population, should not be considered an independent trait, as its development is closely linked to shape variation in the frontal and parietal bones. Importantly, these results suggest that occipital hemi-bun morphology is not significantly influenced by basicranial morphology during development, but instead covaries with changes in midsagittal neurocranial vault shape.
{"title":"Occipital hemi-bun development and shape covariation in a longitudinal extant human growth sample.","authors":"Miranda E Karban","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.4678679.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.4678679.V1","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Although the homology of the Neanderthal occipital bun and anatomically modern human \"hemi-bun\" has long been debated, little is known about the developmental timing and patterning of these two patterns of prominent occipital squama convexity. In this study, occipital hemi-bun ontogeny and cranial shape covariation are assessed in a comparative extant human sample.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000Two-dimensional geometric morphometric methods were used to investigate hemi-bun development in a longitudinal sample of growth study cephalograms representing extant human subjects predominantly of European ancestry. Subjects were each measured at three distinct age points, ranging from 3.0 to 20.4 years, and two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation between midsagittal occipital bone morphology and other aspects of craniofacial shape.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Occipital hemi-bun morphology, when present, was found to develop early in ontogeny, in association with anteroposterior elongation of the frontal and parietal bones. No significant pattern of covariation was found between occipital hemi-bun shape and cranial/basicranial breadth, basicranial length, basicranial angle, or midfacial prognathism.\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION\u0000This study suggests that the occipital hemi-bun, at least in this extant human population, should not be considered an independent trait, as its development is closely linked to shape variation in the frontal and parietal bones. Importantly, these results suggest that occipital hemi-bun morphology is not significantly influenced by basicranial morphology during development, but instead covaries with changes in midsagittal neurocranial vault shape.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43228530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts of the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, March 25-28, 2015, St. Louis, Missouri.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33213607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Have spare times? Read race monogamy and other lies they told you busting myths about human nature writer by Why? A best seller publication on the planet with fantastic value and also content is incorporated with interesting words. Where? Merely here, in this site you can read online. Want download? Certainly readily available, download them additionally here. Available files are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, as well as zip.
{"title":"Race, Monogamy, and Other Lies They Told You: Busting Myths About Human Nature. Edited by Agustín Fuentes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 2012. 274 pp. ISBN 978‐0‐520‐26971‐2. $27.50 (hardcover).","authors":"A. V. Arsdale","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.22308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.22308","url":null,"abstract":"Have spare times? Read race monogamy and other lies they told you busting myths about human nature writer by Why? A best seller publication on the planet with fantastic value and also content is incorporated with interesting words. Where? Merely here, in this site you can read online. Want download? Certainly readily available, download them additionally here. Available files are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, as well as zip.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.22308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50793932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disease In London, 1st—19th Centuries: An Illustrated Guide To Diagnosis. Monograph 56. Edited by Don Walker. London: Museum of London Archeology. 2012. 287 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐907586‐10‐1. £28.00 (hardcover).","authors":"A. Grauer","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.22320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.22320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.22320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50794070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconstructing patterns of Plio-Pleistocene mammalian faunal exchange between eastern and southern Africa may help us to better understand patterns of evolution within the hominin clade. However, differences in geological context, taphonomic history and collection methods, as well as a lack of a precise chronology in one of the regions, complicate attempts to compare the faunas of the two regions, but access to new comprehensive datasets encouraged us to re-examine this critical time period in the African paleontological record. In this study, we examine the biogeographic histories of three terrestrial African mammalian families whose fossil records span the past 3 million years to test hypotheses related to the evolutionary history of the hominin genus Paranthropus. We used presence/absence data for 117 species from 38 genera within the family Bovidae and 34 species from 15 genera within the families Hyaenidae and Felidae from 52 eastern African and 40 southern African fossil localities. These assemblages were placed into 500 ka time slices and compared at both the genus and species level using the Jaccard index of faunal similarity. Our findings indicate that sampling biases have more effect on the patterns of interchange between eastern and southern African Bovidae than they do the patterns of interchange seen in the Hyaenidae and Felidae. However, even when these biases are taken into account there are persistent differences in the degree of interchange within and between these families. These findings suggest that mammalian groups (including hominins) can have very different histories of exchange between eastern and southern Africa over the past 3 million years. There is no a priori reason why any of the three families we examined is a suitable proxy for the eastern and southern African hyper-megadont and megadont hominin taxa presently included in Paranthropus, but of the three we suggest that the Bovidae is likely to come closest to being an appropriate proxy. The results of this comparative study are consistent with relatively independent evolutionary trajectories in the two regions for the hominins that are presently included in the genus Paranthropus. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Premolar lost, variation gained: Posterior dental proportions in anthropoids and testing adherence to a mammalian developmental model","authors":"Elissa M. Ludeman, Terry Harrison, S. Bailey","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.22488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.22488","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing patterns of Plio-Pleistocene mammalian faunal exchange between eastern and southern Africa may help us to better understand patterns of evolution within the hominin clade. However, differences in geological context, taphonomic history and collection methods, as well as a lack of a precise chronology in one of the regions, complicate attempts to compare the faunas of the two regions, but access to new comprehensive datasets encouraged us to re-examine this critical time period in the African paleontological record. In this study, we examine the biogeographic histories of three terrestrial African mammalian families whose fossil records span the past 3 million years to test hypotheses related to the evolutionary history of the hominin genus Paranthropus. We used presence/absence data for 117 species from 38 genera within the family Bovidae and 34 species from 15 genera within the families Hyaenidae and Felidae from 52 eastern African and 40 southern African fossil localities. These assemblages were placed into 500 ka time slices and compared at both the genus and species level using the Jaccard index of faunal similarity. Our findings indicate that sampling biases have more effect on the patterns of interchange between eastern and southern African Bovidae than they do the patterns of interchange seen in the Hyaenidae and Felidae. However, even when these biases are taken into account there are persistent differences in the degree of interchange within and between these families. These findings suggest that mammalian groups (including hominins) can have very different histories of exchange between eastern and southern Africa over the past 3 million years. There is no a priori reason why any of the three families we examined is a suitable proxy for the eastern and southern African hyper-megadont and megadont hominin taxa presently included in Paranthropus, but of the three we suggest that the Bovidae is likely to come closest to being an appropriate proxy. The results of this comparative study are consistent with relatively independent evolutionary trajectories in the two regions for the hominins that are presently included in the genus Paranthropus. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.22488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50796036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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