Can retired lithium-ion batteries be a game changer in fast charging stations?

IF 15 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Etransportation Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.etran.2023.100297
Liangcai Xu , Shunbo Lei , Dipti Srinivasan , Ziyou Song
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Abstract

As the global popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow, the demand for EV batteries has significantly increased. Unfortunately, when the battery state of health (SoH) reaches a certain value, the batteries may no longer meet the driving requirements of EVs, resulting in many retired batteries. Properly disposing of these batteries is a major challenge. In this paper, we will take fast charging stations (FCSs) as an example to evaluate the economic feasibility of reusing retired batteries, which is one of the most environmentally friendly methods of disposal. To make a fair comparison between fresh and retired batteries, a bi-level sizing framework is designed to determine the optimal sizes of fresh and retired batteries, as well as photovoltaic (PV) panels in FCSs, to minimize the total cost. To ensure the high fidelity of results, diverse EV travel patterns are considered to generate the charging power demand. Additionally, a dynamic battery degradation model focused on batteries that have not yet reached their turning point is developed. This model is designed to precisely quantify the gradual reduction in battery capacity. We conducted several representative case studies using real-world data, and the simulation results indicate that FCSs with fresh batteries can achieve 42.2 % cost savings compared to those without energy storage systems, while retired batteries can achieve an additional 5.41 %–11.79 % cost savings under different scenarios. These findings can be generalized that retired batteries are promising in small-scale applications due to the relatively low refurbishment cost, and a new market stream can be potentially generated in this direction.

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退役的锂离子电池能改变快速充电站的游戏规则吗?
随着全球电动汽车(EV)的普及,电动汽车电池的需求大幅增加。不幸的是,当电池健康状态(SoH)达到一定值时,电池可能不再满足电动汽车的行驶要求,导致许多电池退役。妥善处理这些电池是一项重大挑战。本文将以快速充电站(FCSs)为例,评估退役电池再利用的经济可行性,这是最环保的处理方式之一。为了对新电池和退役电池进行公平的比较,设计了一个双层尺寸框架来确定fcs中新电池和退役电池以及光伏(PV)面板的最佳尺寸,以最小化总成本。为了保证结果的高保真度,考虑了不同的电动汽车行驶模式来产生充电功率需求。此外,还建立了一个针对尚未达到拐点的电池的动态退化模型。该模型旨在精确量化电池容量的逐渐减少。我们利用真实世界的数据进行了几个有代表性的案例研究,仿真结果表明,在不同的场景下,与不使用储能系统的储能系统相比,使用新电池的储能系统可以节省42.2%的成本,而使用退役电池的储能系统可以额外节省5.41% - 11.79%的成本。这些发现可以概括为,由于相对较低的翻新成本,退役电池在小规模应用中是有前途的,并且可能在这个方向上产生新的市场流。
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来源期刊
Etransportation
Etransportation Engineering-Automotive Engineering
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
12.60%
发文量
57
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation. The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment. Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.
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