{"title":"Emerging Strategies to Improve the Stability and Bioavailability of Insulin: An Update on Formulations and Delivery Approaches.","authors":"Pak Kheong Tan, Umah Rani Kuppusamy, Kek Heng Chua, Bavani Arumugam","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666221102094433","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the primary goals of diabetes management is to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range, and insulin plays a vital role in achieving this. All Type 1 DM patients and advanced Type 2 DM patients require insulin. Insulin is administered subcutaneously, which may cause patient discomfort from the use of needles. Therefore, developing alternative routes of insulin administration has always been a major focus of diabetes research. This review aims to provide an update on the insulin formulations and delivery routes as well as strategies used to improve its stability and bioavailability for the treatment of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":"20 8","pages":"1141-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"6","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current drug delivery","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201820666221102094433","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Abstract
One of the primary goals of diabetes management is to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range, and insulin plays a vital role in achieving this. All Type 1 DM patients and advanced Type 2 DM patients require insulin. Insulin is administered subcutaneously, which may cause patient discomfort from the use of needles. Therefore, developing alternative routes of insulin administration has always been a major focus of diabetes research. This review aims to provide an update on the insulin formulations and delivery routes as well as strategies used to improve its stability and bioavailability for the treatment of diabetes.
期刊介绍：
Current Drug Delivery aims to publish peer-reviewed articles, research articles, short and in-depth reviews, and drug clinical trials studies in the rapidly developing field of drug delivery. Modern drug research aims to build delivery properties of a drug at the design phase, however in many cases this idea cannot be met and the development of delivery systems becomes as important as the development of the drugs themselves.
The journal aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in drug and vaccine delivery employing physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods. The drugs include a wide range of bioactive compounds from simple pharmaceuticals to peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleosides and sugars. The journal will also report progress in the fields of transport routes and mechanisms including efflux proteins and multi-drug resistance.
The journal is essential for all pharmaceutical scientists involved in drug design, development and delivery.
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