Food security among SNAP participants 2019 to 2021: a cross-sectional analysis of current population survey food security supplement data.

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Journal of Nutritional Science Pub Date : 2023-04-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1017/jns.2023.32
Patrick J Brady, Lisa Harnack, Rachel Widome, Kaitlyn M Berry, Sruthi Valluri
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Abstract

Surveillance data indicate that food security rates increased among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021) compared with pre-pandemic (2019), but this could have been due to increased participation from better resourced households. Our objective was to examine if demographic differences between SNAP-participating households in each year were responsible for the increased prevalence of food secure households. We calculated the observed 30-d food security prevalence among SNAP-participating households for each year. We used indirect standardisation to produce expected 2020 and 2021 prevalences with 2019 as the standard population using household size, income, age, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, presence of children, single parent household, metropolitan status and census region. We calculated standardised prevalence ratios (SPRs) to understand if the observed prevalence was higher than expected given any changes in the demographic profile compared to 2019. The Current Population Survey data were collected by the United States Census Bureau and Department of Agriculture. Our sample included 5,245 SNAP-participating households. The observed prevalence of food secure households increased by 3⋅6 percentage points comparing 2019 to 2020 (SPR = 1⋅06, 95 % confidence interval = 1⋅00, 1⋅11) and by 8⋅6 percentage comparing 2019 to 2021 (SPR = 1⋅13, 95 % confidence interval = 1⋅07, 1⋅18). The greater prevalence of food secure SNAP households during the pandemic did not appear to be attributable to socio-demographic differences compared to pre-pandemic. Despite hesitance among policymakers to expand or enhance social safety net programmes, permanently incorporating COVID-19-related policy interventions could lessen food insecurity in years to come.

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2019 年至 2021 年 SNAP 参与者的食品安全:当前人口调查食品安全补充数据的横截面分析。
监测数据表明,在 COVID-19 大流行期间(2020 年和 2021 年),与大流行前(2019 年)相比,补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 参与者的粮食安全率有所提高,但这可能是由于资源较好的家庭参与率提高所致。我们的目标是研究每年参与 SNAP 的家庭之间的人口统计学差异是否是导致粮食安全家庭比例上升的原因。我们计算了每年参与 SNAP 的家庭中观察到的 30 天粮食安全率。我们采用间接标准化方法,以 2019 年为标准人口,利用家庭规模、收入、年龄、性别、种族、西班牙裔、有无子女、单亲家庭、大都市状况和人口普查地区,得出了 2020 年和 2021 年的预期流行率。我们计算了标准化流行率 (SPR),以了解观察到的流行率是否高于预期,因为与 2019 年相比,人口状况发生了任何变化。当前人口调查数据由美国人口普查局和农业部收集。我们的样本包括 5245 个参加 SNAP 的家庭。与 2019 年和 2020 年相比,观察到的食品安全家庭比例增加了 3⋅6 个百分点(SPR = 1⋅06, 95 % 置信区间 = 1⋅00, 1⋅11 ),与 2019 年和 2021 年相比,增加了 8⋅6 个百分点(SPR = 1⋅13, 95 % 置信区间 = 1⋅07, 1⋅18 )。与大流行前相比,大流行期间 SNAP 粮食安全家庭的比例更高似乎并不是社会人口差异造成的。尽管政策制定者对扩大或加强社会安全网计划犹豫不决,但长期纳入与 COVID-19 相关的政策干预措施可在未来几年减轻粮食不安全状况。
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来源期刊
Journal of Nutritional Science
Journal of Nutritional Science NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
91
审稿时长
7 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Nutritional Science is an international, peer-reviewed, online only, open access journal that welcomes high-quality research articles in all aspects of nutrition. The underlying aim of all work should be, as far as possible, to develop nutritional concepts. JNS encompasses the full spectrum of nutritional science including public health nutrition, epidemiology, dietary surveys, nutritional requirements, metabolic studies, body composition, energetics, appetite, obesity, ageing, endocrinology, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, genetics, molecular and cellular biology and nutrigenomics. JNS welcomes Primary Research Papers, Brief Reports, Review Articles, Systematic Reviews, Workshop Reports, Letters to the Editor and Obituaries.
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