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Exposures to great Chinese Famine during embryo, foetal or infant stages link differently with risks of cardiovascular diseases in late middle age. 胚胎期、胎儿期或婴儿期接触中国大饥荒与中年后期罹患心血管疾病的风险有着不同的联系。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.57
Xiuwen Zhou, Yumeng Zhang, Qiutong Zheng, Yi Ding, Daiyi Zhang, Jianhong Pu, Zhice Xu

Perinatal malnutrition is a critical cause of diseases in offspring. Based on the different rates of organ development, we hypothesised that malnutrition at varying early life stages would have a differential impact on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults. This study sought to assess the long-term impact of exposure to the 1959-1961 Great Chinese Famine (GCF) during early developmental periods on risks of cardiovascular diseases in the late middle-aged offspring. A total 6, 662 individuals, born between 1958 and 1964, were divided into six groups according to the birth date. The generalised line model was used to control age and estimate differences with 95% confidence interval (CI) in blood pressure. Binary logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between famine exposure and cardiovascular diseases. Compared to the unexposed late middle-aged persons, blood pressure was elevated in the entire gestation exposure group, regardless of postnatal exposure to GCF. Increased blood pressure was also found in the female offspring exposed to GCF during early and middle gestation. The early-childhood exposure was associated with the risk of bradycardia in the offspring. The risks of vertebral artery atherosclerosis were elevated in GCF famine-exposed groups except first trimester exposed group. The chronic influence of GCF in early life periods was specific to the developmental timing window, sexesand organs, suggesting an essential role of interactions among multiple factors and prenatal malnutrition in developmentally "programming" cardiovascular diseases.

围产期营养不良是导致后代患病的重要原因。根据器官发育的不同速度,我们假设不同生命早期阶段的营养不良会对中老年人的心血管疾病产生不同的影响。本研究旨在评估1959-1961年中国大饥荒对中年晚期后代心血管疾病风险的长期影响。本研究根据出生日期将 1958 至 1964 年间出生的 6 662 人分为六组。采用广义线性模型控制年龄,并估算血压差异的 95% 置信区间 (CI)。二元逻辑回归用于评估饥荒暴露与心血管疾病之间的关系。与未接触过饥荒的中年后期人群相比,无论出生后是否接触过 GCF,整个妊娠期接触组的血压均升高。在妊娠早期和中期暴露于 GCF 的女性后代中也发现血压升高。儿童早期接触与后代心动过缓的风险有关。除孕期前三个月暴露组外,其他暴露于 GCF 饥荒的组别发生椎动脉粥样硬化的风险均升高。GCF在生命早期的慢性影响与发育时间窗、性别和器官有关,这表明多种因素和产前营养不良在心血管疾病的发育 "编程 "中发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Elevated BCAA catabolism reverses the effect of branched-chain ketoacids on glucose transport in mTORC1-dependent manner in L6 myotubes. 在 L6 肌小管中,BCAA 分解代谢的升高会以 mTORC1 依赖性方式逆转支链酮酸对葡萄糖转运的影响。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.66
Gagandeep Mann, Olasunkanmi A John Adegoke

Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites, branched-chain ketoacids (BCKA), are increased in insulin resistance. We previously showed that ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport in L6 myotubes, especially in myotubes depleted of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD), the enzyme that decarboxylates BCKA. This suggests that upregulating BCKD activity might improve insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that increasing BCAA catabolism would upregulate insulin-stimulated glucose transport and attenuate insulin resistance induced by BCKA. L6 myotubes were either depleted of BCKD kinase (BDK), the enzyme that inhibits BCKD activity, or treated with BT2, a BDK inhibitor. Myotubes were then treated with KIC (200 μM), leucine (150 μM), BCKA (200 μM), or BCAA (400 μM) and then treated with or without insulin (100 nM). BDK depletion/inhibition rescued the suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by KIC/BCKA. This was consistent with the attenuation of IRS-1 (Ser612) and S6K1 (Thr389) phosphorylation but there was no effect on Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. The effect of leucine or BCAA on these measures was not as pronounced and BT2 did not influence the effect. Induction of the mTORC1/IRS-1 (Ser612) axis abolished the attenuating effect of BT2 treatment on glucose transport in cells treated with KIC. Surprisingly, rapamycin co-treatment with BT2 and KIC further reduced glucose transport. Our data suggests that the suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by KIC/BCKA in muscle is mediated by mTORC1/S6K1 signalling. This was attenuated by upregulating BCAA catabolic flux. Thus, interventions targeting BCAA metabolism may provide benefits against insulin resistance and its sequelae.

胰岛素抵抗时,血浆中支链氨基酸(BCAA)及其代谢产物支链酮酸(BCKA)的水平会升高。我们以前的研究表明,酮异己酸(KIC)能抑制 L6 肌管中胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运,尤其是在缺乏支链酮酸脱氢酶(BCKD)的肌管中。这表明,上调 BCKD 的活性可能会改善胰岛素敏感性。我们假设,增加 BCAA 分解将上调胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运,并减轻 BCKA 诱导的胰岛素抵抗。L6 肌管中的BCKD激酶(BDK)(抑制BCKD活性的酶)或BT2(一种BDK抑制剂)均被去除。然后用 KIC(200 μM)、亮氨酸(150 μM)、BCKA(200 μM)或 BCAA(400 μM)处理肌管,再用或不用胰岛素(100 nM)处理。BDK 的耗竭/抑制挽救了 KIC/BCKA 对胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运的抑制。这与 IRS-1(Ser612)和 S6K1(Thr389)磷酸化的减弱一致,但对 Akt(Ser473)磷酸化没有影响。亮氨酸或 BCAA 对这些指标的影响并不明显,而且 BT2 也不影响这种影响。诱导 mTORC1/IRS-1(Ser612)轴可以消除 BT2 处理对 KIC 细胞葡萄糖转运的抑制作用。令人惊讶的是,雷帕霉素与 BT2 和 KIC 联合处理会进一步降低葡萄糖转运。我们的数据表明,肌肉中 KIC/BCKA 对胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运的抑制是由 mTORC1/S6K1 信号介导的。上调 BCAA 分解通量可减轻这种抑制作用。因此,针对 BCAA 代谢的干预措施可能对胰岛素抵抗及其后遗症有益。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring cultural, social, and biological factors influencing obesity onset in two racial-ethnic groups in Quibdó, Colombia. 探索影响哥伦比亚基布多两个种族群体肥胖发病的文化、社会和生物因素。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.44
Paula Andrea Castro-Prieto, Daniela Molano-Moreno, Diego I Lucumí

Obesity rates in Colombia are increasing, with variations among racial and ethnic groups. Studies on adult obesity often address socio-economic status, gender, and education but neglect racial-ethnic influences, notably in areas like Quibdó. Therefore, based on the theory of triadic influence, we conducted a qualitative study to identify biobehavioural, social, and cultural phenomena that, from the perspectives of the participants, influence the onset of obesity in Afro-Colombian and indigenous in Quibdó in 2022. The stratification variables were race, ethnicity (Afro-Colombian and Indigenous), and educational level (secondary or higher). Based on a literature review of qualitative studies that commonly explored food culture, nutritional status, and physical activity in analysing obesity within racial and ethnic populations, we incorporated these categories into our research methodology through semi-structured interviews. A framework analysis was used as a qualitative methodology to organise and analyse the collected data. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews, 13 with the Afro-Colombian population and eight with indigenous inhabitants. The results indicate that cultural beliefs, forced displacement/migration, and alterations in public order have resulted in changes in food security, food culture, and physical activity practices, affecting the onset of obesity. Notably, distinctions in cultural beliefs regarding food culture and health as factors influencing obesity were observed between Afro-Colombians and the Indigenous populations; however, educational differences within the same racial ethnic group were not predominant. Findings indicate obesity is influenced by cultural, social, and biobehavioural factors, especially in regions with racial-ethnic communities facing complex conditions, necessitating targeted racial-ethnic public health policies.

哥伦比亚的肥胖率正在上升,不同种族和族裔群体的肥胖率也不尽相同。有关成人肥胖症的研究通常涉及社会经济状况、性别和教育,但忽视了种族族裔的影响,尤其是在基布多等地区。因此,基于三重影响理论,我们开展了一项定性研究,从参与者的角度出发,找出影响 2022 年基布多非洲裔哥伦比亚人和土著人肥胖发病的生物行为、社会和文化现象。分层变量包括种族、民族(非洲裔哥伦比亚人和原住民)和教育程度(中学或以上)。在分析种族和民族人口肥胖问题时,定性研究通常会探讨饮食文化、营养状况和体育活动,根据对这些定性研究的文献综述,我们通过半结构式访谈将这些类别纳入了我们的研究方法。我们采用了框架分析作为定性方法来组织和分析收集到的数据。我们进行了 21 次半结构式访谈,其中 13 次针对非洲裔哥伦比亚人,8 次针对土著居民。结果表明,文化信仰、被迫流离失所/迁移以及公共秩序的改变导致了食品安全、饮食文化和体育锻炼方式的改变,从而影响了肥胖症的发病。值得注意的是,非洲裔哥伦比亚人和土著居民在饮食文化和健康方面的文化观念不同,这也是影响肥胖的因素;然而,同一种族群体内部的教育差异并不明显。研究结果表明,肥胖症受到文化、社会和生物行为因素的影响,尤其是在面临复杂情况的种族民族社区地区,因此有必要制定有针对性的种族民族公共卫生政策。
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引用次数: 0
A maternal low-protein diet results in sex-specific differences in synaptophysin expression and milk fatty acid profiles in neonatal rats. 母体低蛋白饮食会导致新生大鼠突触素表达和乳汁脂肪酸谱的性别差异。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-14 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.46
Paola C Bello-Medina, Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz, Sandra Teresita Martín Del Campo, Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés, Claudia Flores Miguel, Raquel Cobián Cervantes, Perla Belén García Solano, Mónica Navarro-Meza

The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis have highlighted the link between early life environment and long-term health outcomes in offspring. For example, maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation can result in adverse metabolic and cognitive outcomes in offspring postnatal. Hence, in the present study, we assess whether an isocaloric low-protein diet (ILPD) affects the fatty acid profile in breast milk, the hippocampal synaptophysin (Syn) ratio, and the oxidative stress markers in the neonatal stage of male and female offspring. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of an ILPD on the fatty acid profile in breast milk, quantified the hippocampal synaptophysin (Syn) ratio and oxidative stress markers in neonatal stage of male and female offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed with either a control diet or an ILPD during gestation to day 10 of lactation. Oxidative stress markers were assessed in serum and liver. All quantifications were done at postnatal day 10. The results showed: ILPD led to decreases of 38.5% and 17.4% in breast milk volume and polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Significant decreases of hippocampal Syn ratio in male offspring (decreases of 98% in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal and CA1 oriens, 83%, stratum pyramidal in CA3, 80%, stratum lucidum in CA3, and 81% stratum oriens in CA3). Male offspring showed an increase in pro-oxidant status in serum and liver. Thus, the data suggest that male offspring are more vulnerable than females to an ILPD during gestation and lactation.

健康和疾病的发育起源假说强调了早期生活环境与后代长期健康结果之间的联系。例如,母体在孕期和哺乳期限制蛋白质摄入会导致后代在出生后出现不良的代谢和认知结果。因此,在本研究中,我们评估了等热量低蛋白饮食(ILPD)是否会影响母乳中的脂肪酸谱、海马突触素(Syn)比率以及男女后代新生儿期的氧化应激标记物。本研究旨在评估 ILPD 对母乳中脂肪酸含量、海马突触素(Syn)比率以及雌雄大鼠新生儿期氧化应激指标的影响。雌性 Wistar 大鼠在妊娠期至哺乳期第 10 天期间食用对照组饮食或 ILPD。评估血清和肝脏中的氧化应激标记物。所有定量均在出生后第 10 天进行。结果显示ILPD导致母乳量和多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别下降了38.5%和17.4%。雄性后代海马Syn比率显著下降(海马CA1锥体和CA1 oriens下降98%,CA3锥体层下降83%,CA3透明层下降80%,CA3 oriens层下降81%)。雄性后代的血清和肝脏中的原氧化状态有所增加。因此,这些数据表明,在妊娠期和哺乳期,雄性后代比雌性后代更容易受到ILPD的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying the risk factors associated with food insecurity in the UK veteran population: a nationwide survey. 确定英国退伍军人中与粮食不安全相关的风险因素:一项全国性调查。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-14 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.43
Amy Johnson, Giuseppe Serra, Marco Tomietto, Matthew D Kiernan

There has been limited focus placed on exploring food insecurity within the UK-ex-Armed Forces population. The present study aims to build on initial work by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of food insecurity within UK veterans and their families and their current health status. 881 veterans (or a family member) who previously served in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines, Army and the Royal Air Force completed an online survey to explore health status, food insecurity and receipt of benefits. In total, 16.9% of survey respondents were part of food-insecure households, with 12% of these also experiencing some element of hunger. Working age, non-officer rank at the time of service discharge, not being married, living in rented accommodation, having at least one medical condition and in receipt of other benefits were significant risk factors associated with food insecurity. Understanding the specific risk factors associated with food insecurity is vital to develop personalised interventions and policies, such as income support programmes and affordable housing initiatives. However, more work is needed to further explore the factors associated with food insecurity, particularly in the long term.

对英国退伍军人群体中食物不安全问题的研究关注有限。本研究的目的是在前期工作的基础上,调查英国退伍军人及其家人食物不安全的普遍程度和相关因素,以及他们目前的健康状况。881 名曾在英国皇家海军和皇家海军陆战队、陆军和皇家空军服役的退伍军人(或其家庭成员)完成了一项在线调查,以了解他们的健康状况、粮食不安全状况和福利领取情况。总共有 16.9% 的调查对象属于粮食不安全家庭,其中 12% 的人还经历过某种程度的饥饿。工作年龄、退役时的非军官军衔、未婚、租房居住、至少患有一种疾病以及领取其他福利是与粮食不安全相关的重要风险因素。了解与粮食不安全相关的具体风险因素对于制定个性化干预措施和政策(如收入支持计划和经济适用房倡议)至关重要。然而,还需要做更多的工作来进一步探索与粮食不安全相关的因素,特别是长期因素。
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引用次数: 0
A cross-sectional study on online food delivery applications (OFDAs) in the United Arab Emirates: use and perceptions of healthy food availability among university students. 阿拉伯联合酋长国在线食品配送应用程序(OFDAs)横断面研究:大学生对健康食品供应的使用和看法。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.21
Leila Cheikh Ismail, Tareq M Osaili, Bayan Shanan, Dana Rashwan, Hulya Merie, Leen Rishan, Salam Al Shamma, Zaina AlRamahi, Sheima T Saleh, Maysm N Mohamad, Asma' O Taybeh, Rameez Al Daour, Sadi Taha, Lily Stojanovska, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh, Ayesha S Al Dhahei

Online food delivery applications (OFDAs) have seen a surge in popularity during the COVID-19 Pandemic, particularly among young adults. This study aimed to assess the use of OFDAs and the perception of food healthiness and safety among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in the UAE via snowball sampling (n = 1096). Sociodemographic characteristics, OFDAs usage, and perceptions toward food healthiness and safety were investigated. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the association between categorical variables and healthy food choices. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to determine differences between different groups and perception statements. Over half (52%) of the students were frequent users of OFDAs with fast food being the most popular choice (88.4%). Older participants, those living in the university dorms, and those with higher allowances used the OFDAs more frequently (P < 0.05). Price (78.0%) and food appearance (65.7%) had the highest impact on food selection. Most subjects (69.3%) reported looking for healthy food but were worried about affordability (43.1%) and taste (27.1%). Most participants (57.8%) agreed that OFDAs increased their appetite and food intake. Participants believed that having a hygiene rating system in OFDAs would give them the chance to make informed decisions (82.3%). Unhealthy food options were popular among university students. The study highlights the need to provide more affordable and appealing healthy food options and suggests that improved nutrition information and hygiene standards could help to promote healthy food choices among university students.

在线食品配送应用程序(OFDAs)在 COVID-19 大流行期间大受欢迎,尤其是在年轻人中。本研究旨在评估阿拉伯联合酋长国(UAE)大学生对在线食品配送应用程序的使用情况以及对食品健康和安全的看法。通过滚雪球式抽样(n = 1096),在阿联酋的大学生中开展了一项基于网络的横断面研究。研究调查了社会人口特征、OFDA 的使用情况以及对食品健康和安全的看法。采用卡方分析确定分类变量与健康食品选择之间的关系。Mann-Whitney U 和 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验用于确定不同群体和认知陈述之间的差异。超过一半(52%)的学生经常使用开放式自助餐厅,其中快餐是最受欢迎的选择(88.4%)。年龄较大、住在大学宿舍和津贴较高的参与者更经常使用开放式自助餐厅(P < 0.05)。价格(78.0%)和食物外观(65.7%)对食物选择的影响最大。大多数受试者(69.3%)表示要寻找健康食品,但担心负担能力(43.1%)和口味(27.1%)。大部分受访者(57.8%)同意开放式食物局能增加他们的食欲和食物摄入量。參加者認為在自助售賣機設立衞生評級制度可讓他們作出明智的決定(82.3%)。不健康的食物在大学生中很受欢迎。这项研究强调,有必要提供更多经济实惠、更具吸引力的健康食品选择,并建议改善营养信息和卫生标准,有助于促进大学生选择健康食品。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological well-being, food insecurity, academic performance and other risk factors in a sample of university students in Jordan during COVID-19. COVID-19 期间约旦大学生样本的心理健康、粮食不安全、学习成绩和其他风险因素。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.67
Tamara Y Mousa, Latefa A Dardas

This research validated an Arabic version of the Psychological General Well-being Index-Short version (PGWB-S) and examined the relationship between perceived psychological well-being, and food insecurity, academic achievement, and other risk factors in a sample of university students in Amman, Jordan, during COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 translated and validated the Arabic copy of the PGWB-S in 122 students from the University of Jordan. In Phase 2, 414 students completed the demographic questionnaire, Arabic versions of the PGWB-S, the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Individual Food Insecurity Experience Scale. The participants had a mean PGWB-S score of 15.82 ± 0.34, and 41.3% had a mean score below 15. Psychological well-being was better in students younger than 21 and/or who had a GPA ≥3.0, were of normal weight or overweight, physically inactive, and food secure, did not drink coffee or smoke, as well as in those whose neighbourhood contained grocery stores and/or public transportation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, during the pandemic, perceived mental well-being was moderate in a Jordanian sample of university students. Perceived psychological well-being was also positively associated with food security and academic performance. These findings suggest that improving food security and academic achievement may contribute to enhanced psychological well-being among university students. Therefore, higher education institutions with the help of the government are encouraged to facilitate the provision of mental health care services to students, mainly post the coronavirus, which according to our knowledge is limited.

本研究验证了阿拉伯语版的心理总体幸福指数--短版(PGWB-S),并在 COVID-19 期间对约旦安曼的大学生样本进行了心理幸福感与食物不安全、学业成绩和其他风险因素之间关系的研究。横断面研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段翻译并验证了约旦大学 122 名学生的 PGWB-S 的阿拉伯语版本。在第二阶段,414 名学生完成了人口统计学问卷、阿拉伯语版 PGWB-S、Ryff 心理幸福感量表和个人食物不安全体验量表。参与者的 PGWB-S 平均得分为 15.82 ± 0.34,41.3% 的参与者平均得分低于 15 分。21岁以下和/或平均学分绩点≥3.0、体重正常或超重、不运动、食物安全、不喝咖啡或不吸烟的学生,以及附近有杂货店和/或公共交通的学生的心理健康水平更高(P < 0.05)。总之,在大流行期间,约旦大学生的心理健康感知处于中等水平。心理健康感也与食品安全和学习成绩呈正相关。这些研究结果表明,改善食品安全和学习成绩可能有助于提高大学生的心理健康水平。因此,我们鼓励高等教育机构在政府的帮助下为学生提供心理保健服务,主要是冠状病毒后的心理保健服务。
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引用次数: 0
Inequalities in diet quality by socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, and weight status in a large UK-based cohort using a new UK diet quality questionnaire-UKDQQ. 使用新的英国饮食质量调查问卷--UKDQQ,在英国大型队列中按社会人口特征、吸烟和体重状况划分的饮食质量不平等现象。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.60
Kath Roberts, John Stephenson, Michelle Holdsworth, Clare Relton, Elizabeth A Williams, Janet Elizabeth Cade

The aim of this study was to explore the associations between diet quality, socio-demographic measures, smoking, and weight status in a large, cross-sectional cohort of adults living in Yorkshire and Humber, UK. Data from 43, 023 participants aged over 16 years in the Yorkshire Health Survey, 2nd wave (2013-2015) were collected on diet quality, socio-demographic measures, smoking, and weight status. Diet quality was assessed using a brief, validated tool. Associations between these variables were assessed using multiple regression methods. Split-sample cross-validation was utilised to establish model portability. Observed patterns in the sample showed that the greatest substantive differences in diet quality were between females and males (3.94 points; P < 0.001) and non-smokers vs smokers (4.24 points; P < 0.001), with higher diet quality scores observed in females and non-smokers. Deprivation, employment status, age, and weight status categories were also associated with diet quality. Greater diet quality scores were observed in those with lower levels of deprivation, those engaged in sedentary occupations, older people, and those in a healthy weight category. Cross-validation procedures revealed that the model exhibited good transferability properties. Inequalities in patterns of diet quality in the cohort were consistent with those indicated by the findings of other observational studies. The findings indicate population subgroups that are at higher risk of dietary-related ill health due to poor quality diet and provide evidence for the design of targeted national policy and interventions to prevent dietary-related ill health in these groups. The findings support further research exploring inequalities in diet quality in the population.

本研究旨在探讨居住在英国约克郡和汉伯郡的大型横断面成人队列中的饮食质量、社会人口测量、吸烟和体重状况之间的关联。本研究收集了约克郡健康调查第二波(2013-2015 年)中 43 023 名 16 岁以上参与者的数据,内容涉及饮食质量、社会人口统计指标、吸烟和体重状况。饮食质量采用简短的验证工具进行评估。采用多元回归方法评估了这些变量之间的关联。为了建立模型的可移植性,采用了拆分样本交叉验证的方法。样本中观察到的模式表明,女性与男性(3.94 分;P < 0.001)以及非吸烟者与吸烟者(4.24 分;P < 0.001)之间的饮食质量差异最大,女性和非吸烟者的饮食质量得分更高。贫困程度、就业状况、年龄和体重状况类别也与饮食质量有关。在贫困程度较低、从事久坐职业、年龄较大和体重健康的人群中,饮食质量得分较高。交叉验证程序表明,该模型具有良好的可移植性。队列中饮食质量模式的不平等与其他观察性研究结果显示的不平等一致。研究结果表明,由于饮食质量差,人群中与饮食相关的健康不良风险较高,这为制定有针对性的国家政策和干预措施以预防这些人群与饮食相关的健康不良提供了证据。研究结果支持进一步开展研究,探讨人口中饮食质量的不平等现象。
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引用次数: 0
The neutropenic diet and its impacts on clinical, nutritional, and lifestyle outcomes for people with cancer: a scoping review. 中性粒细胞饮食及其对癌症患者临床、营养和生活方式结果的影响:范围界定综述。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.61
Trinity Gulliver, Melissa Hewett, Panagiotis Konstantopoulos, Lisa Tran, Evangeline Mantzioris

The neutropenic diet (ND) is often recommended to people with cancer to reduce infection risk despite recommendations of clinical guidelines advising against its use. While recent literature suggests the ND does not reduce infection risk, other outcomes related to health, nutrition, and lifestyle are unknown. The aim of this review is to systematically scope the literature on the ND in people with cancer for all outcomes related to clinical health, nutrition, and lifestyle. Scientific databases were systematically searched. Eligible studies were in English, people with any cancer type, consuming an ND, any age group, date, or setting. Eligible study types were randomised control trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes of interest found were infection rates, fever, mortality, antibiotic use, gastrointestinal side effects, comorbidities, biochemistry, hospitalisation, nutritional status, quality of life (QoL), well-being, and financial costs. Most research has focused on infection and mortality rates with few assessing hospitalisation rates, nutritional status, financial costs, and QoL. Most included studies found no significant differences between ND and comparator diet for mortality, antibiotics use, comorbidities, and QoL; however, several studies reported the ND significantly increased the risk of infection. Gaps in the literature included effect of ND on QoL in an adult population, microbiome, lifestyle changes, and financial burden. Further research is needed regarding how the ND affects the microbiome and QoL of its consumers, but in the interim, it is important for hospitals providing an ND to their patients to liberalise the ND wherever possible.

尽管临床指南建议不要使用中性粒细胞饮食(ND),但为了降低感染风险,人们还是经常向癌症患者推荐这种饮食。虽然最近的文献表明 ND 不会降低感染风险,但与健康、营养和生活方式相关的其他结果尚不清楚。本综述旨在系统地研究有关癌症患者使用 ND 的文献,以了解与临床健康、营养和生活方式相关的所有结果。我们系统地搜索了科学数据库。符合条件的研究为英文研究,研究对象为任何癌症类型、食用 ND、任何年龄段、任何日期或任何环境的癌症患者。符合条件的研究类型包括随机对照试验、观察性研究、系统综述和荟萃分析。21 项研究符合纳入标准。所发现的相关结果包括感染率、发热、死亡率、抗生素使用、胃肠道副作用、合并症、生化、住院、营养状况、生活质量(QoL)、幸福感和经济成本。大多数研究侧重于感染率和死亡率,很少有研究对住院率、营养状况、经济成本和 QoL 进行评估。大多数纳入的研究发现,在死亡率、抗生素使用、并发症和 QoL 方面,玖龙纸业与对比饮食之间没有明显差异;但有几项研究报告称,玖龙纸业会显著增加感染风险。文献中的空白包括 ND 对成年人群 QoL 的影响、微生物组、生活方式的改变以及经济负担。关于玖龙牌如何影响其消费者的微生物组和 QoL,还需要进一步研究,但在此期间,为患者提供玖龙牌的医院必须尽可能放开玖龙牌。
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引用次数: 0
Community-based nutrition education and counselling provided during pregnancy: effects on knowledge and attitude towards iron-folic acid supplementation. 孕期社区营养教育和咨询:对叶酸铁补充剂知识和态度的影响。
IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.59
Mensur Reshid, Anchamo Anato

Maternal malnutrition is pervasive throughout the world, notably in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. This study examined the effect of community-based iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) nutrition education on IFAS knowledge and attitude among pregnant women in urban settings in South Ethiopia. A community-based quasi-experimental study was conducted among 198 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) (99 intervention and 99 control). We used a multistage sampling technique followed by systematic sampling to select the pregnant women. Pregnant women who participated in the intervention arm received six nutrition education sessions and counselling using a health belief model (HBM), while the control group received only routine ANC services. Baseline and endline data were collected during the ANC and compared. The data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences. Analyses of the effect of the intervention were done using difference-in-difference and generalised estimation equation to allow correlation of repeated observations over time. The results indicated a significant effect of intervention on maternal knowledge towards IFAS; with intervention, group levels increased by 35 percentage points (P < 0.001). The odds of being knowledgeable at the endpoint in the intervention group were 2.6 times higher than baseline (OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.88-3.80). There was a significant (P = 0.001) change in proportion with a favourable attitude towards IFAS between the two time points. The community-based nutrition education intervention approach has significantly improved maternal knowledge and a favourable attitude towards IFAS among pregnant women. The HBM is effective in improving knowledge and attitude among pregnant women.

孕产妇营养不良现象在全世界都很普遍,尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,包括埃塞俄比亚。本研究探讨了基于社区的叶酸铁补充剂(IFAS)营养教育对埃塞俄比亚南部城市孕妇叶酸铁补充剂知识和态度的影响。我们在 198 名随机抽取的产前检查(ANC)孕妇(99 名干预组和 99 名对照组)中开展了一项基于社区的准实验研究。我们采用了多阶段抽样技术,然后通过系统抽样来选择孕妇。参与干预组的孕妇接受了六次营养教育课程和使用健康信念模式(HBM)的咨询,而对照组只接受常规产前检查服务。在产前检查期间收集基线和终点数据并进行比较。数据使用社会科学统计软件包进行分析。对干预效果的分析采用了差分法和广义估计方程,以便对一段时间内的重复观察结果进行相关分析。结果表明,干预对孕产妇对 IFAS 的了解程度有明显影响;干预后,群体水平提高了 35 个百分点(P < 0.001)。干预组在终点时了解知识的几率是基线时的 2.6 倍(OR = 2.67,95% CI 1.88-3.80)。在两个时间点之间,对 IFAS 持赞成态度的比例发生了重大变化(P = 0.001)。以社区为基础的营养教育干预方法大大提高了孕产妇对 IFAS 的认识和态度。HBM 能有效提高孕妇的知识水平和态度。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Nutritional Science
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