Journal of Nutritional Science最新文献

Psychosocial stimulation is one of the recommended interventions in the management of hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, there is currently limited scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of the intervention. The study aimed to examine the effects of psychosocial stimulation on the development, nutrition, and treatment outcomes of hospitalised SAM children. A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted among health facilities that provide inpatient care for children with SAM in Silti Zone, Ethiopia. Fifty-eight children enrolled in the intervention facilities were provided stimulation intervention during their inpatient care and for 6 months after discharge. Sixty-eight children enrolled from control health facilities received routine inpatient care without stimulation and were followed for six months. Health education was provided to all caregivers on child health-related topics. Child development and nutrition outcomes were assessed four times using Denver II-Jimma and anthropometric measurements while the length of hospitalisation was used to measure treatment outcome. Children in the intervention group showed significantly better scores in Personal Social (p=0.001, effect size=0.77), Fine Motor (p=0.001, effect size=1.87), and Gross Motor (p=0.001, effect size=0.78) developmental domains from baseline to end line. Language domain however showed a significant difference only after discharge and intervention children scored better at six months (p<0.001, effect size=0.59). The intervention significantly improved treatment outcomes (p=0.010), but no significant changes in nutritional outcomes were documented. The findings highlighted the benefits of the intervention and the need to promote these interventions in health facilities within resource-limited settings.

The vitamin K (VK) levels vary greatly among different populations and in different regions. Currently, there is a lack of reference intervals for VK levels in healthy individuals, The aim of this study is to establish and validate the reference intervals of serum vitamin K1 (VK1) and vitamin K2 (VK2, specifically including menaquinone-4 (MK4) and menaquinone-7 (MK7)) levels in some healthy populations in Beijing. Serum VK1, MK4, and MK7 were firstly measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in 434 subjects. The reference intervals for three indicators were established by calculating the data of 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Finally, preliminary clinical validation was conducted on 60 apparent healthy individuals undergoing physical examination. In the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the reference intervals of VK1 were 0.180 ng/mL ∼ 1.494 ng/mL, 0.247 ng/mL ∼ 1.446 ng/mL, and 0.167 ng/mL ∼ 1.445 ng/mL, respectively. The reference intervals of MK4 were 0.009 ng/mL ∼ 0.115 ng/mL, 0.002 ng/mL ∼ 0.103 ng/mL, and 0.003 ng/mL ∼ 0.106 ng/mL, respectively. The reference intervals of MK7 were 0.169 ng/mL ∼ 0.881 ng/mL, 0.238 ng/mL ∼ 0.936 ng/mL, and 0.213 ng/mL ∼ 1.012 ng/mL, respectively. The reference intervals had been validated by the samples of healthy individuals for physical examination. In conclusion, the reference intervals of VK established in this study with different age groups have certain clinical applicability, providing data support for further multicentre studies.

The ripening-dependent changes in antioxidant activities and phytochemical content of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivar Safaid Chonsa at various ripening stages were evaluated. The ripening time period was divided into five stages (RSI-RSV) and the pulp was subjected to proximate analysis, antioxidant potential, and UHPLC/MS-based non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Proximate analyses depicted variations in moisture, dry matter, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and energy parameters. Maximum DPPH activity (51%) was observed at stages III, IV, and V while FRSP increased 31% at RS V as compared to stage I. Total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power potential were maximum (295.7 and 345.71 µg AAE/mg extract, respectively at stage V. Total phenolic content increased from 3.57 µg GAE/mg extract to 5.72 µg GAE/mg extract from stage I to RSIII while 19% increase in total flavonoid content was observed at stage V as compared to stage I. UHPLC/MS analysis showed presence of Aconitic acid, methylisocitric acid, 4-O-methyl gallate, beta-glucogallin, xanthenes, sakebiose, Isobergaptene, Fructoselysine 6-phosphate, Citbismine C, and many others at different ripening stages of chonsa mango extracts. The results conclude that during the mango ripening stages, changes in phytochemical composition have positive correlation with antioxidantive potential. These phytochemicals have nutritional and nutraceutical effects on human health therefore ripening stage should be considered for consumption of mango.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nutrition knowledge and nutritional adequacy among Japanese university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 at a university located in Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe, Japan, and 801 students from various academic disciplines were enrolled. Eligible participants were students aged more than 18 years, encompassing all years of study. Nutrition knowledge data were obtained using a nutrition knowledge questionnaire (NKQ) for Japanese adults. Participants were classified into three nutrition knowledge groups according to their total NKQ scores [mean ± standard deviation; all (64.7 ± 15.4%), low (48.1 ± 13.8%), medium (68.3 ± 2.8%), and high (78.5 ± 4.2%)]. Participants reported their dietary habits in the preceding month using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Differences in nutritional adequacy among groups were determined using logistic regression and covariance analyses, adjusted for potential confounding factors. The adequacy of each nutrient was quantified as the proportion of participants with nutrient intake that fell outside the reference range. Although the intakes of only a few nutrients and foods were associated with nutrition knowledge, the total number of nutrients below the estimated average requirement was lower in the high nutrition knowledge group (3.1 ± 2.7) than in the low nutrition knowledge group (3.6 ± 2.9) (P = 0.046). In conclusion, the nutrition knowledge level of Japanese university students is associated with nutritional adequacy but may partially affect eating habits. Future longitudinal studies must clarify the causal and dose-response relationships between nutrition knowledge and dietary habits.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.41.].

Increasing food intake or eating unhealthily after exercise may undermine attempts to manage weight, thereby contributing to poor population-level health. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the evidence on the psychology of changes to eating after exercise and explore why changes to eating after exercise occur. A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Search terms relating to exercise, eating behaviour, and compensatory eating were used. All study designs were included. Research in children, athletes, or animals was excluded. No country or date restrictions were applied. Twenty-three studies were identified. Ten experimental studies (nine acute, one chronic) manipulated the psychological experience of exercise, one intervention study directly targeted compensatory eating, seven studies used observational methods (e.g. diet diaries, 24-h recall) to directly measure compensatory eating after exercise, and five questionnaire studies measured beliefs about eating after exercise. Outcomes varied and included energy intake (kcal/kJ), portion size, food intake, food choice, food preference, dietary lapse, and self-reported compensatory eating. We found that increased consumption of energy-dense foods occurred after exercise when exercise was perceived as less enjoyable, less autonomous, or hard work. Personal beliefs, exercise motivation, and exercise enjoyment were key psychological determinants of changes to eating after exercise. Individuals may consume additional food to refuel their energy stores after exercise (psychological compensatory eating), or consume unhealthy or energy dense foods to reward themselves after exercise, especially if exercise is experienced negatively (post-exercise licensing), however the population-level prevalence of these behaviours is unknown.

Diet is considered a key research priority for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), garnering considerable interest from affected families. Despite this, research studies focusing on dietary interventions remain scarce. The specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) has shown potential, however, its nutritional consequences and risks are not well understood. This study aims to describe and evaluate food and nutrient intakes in children with JIA adhering to the SCD and contextualize the results relative to recommendations and intakes in the general population. In a secondary analysis, food and nutrient intakes from three-day dietary records of ten children, following a four-week SCD intervention, were evaluated against the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and Riksmaten Adolescents data (RMA) (n = 1282). All children following the SCD met the recommended minimum intake of fruit and vegetables of 500g/day, a stark contrast to the 6% in RMA. Median dietary fibre intake for the SCD was 26g/d, (IQR 21-33), compared to 16g/d (IQR 12-22) in RMA. Elevated saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was observed in both groups, with the SCD group also consuming high amounts of red meat. Calcium was the sole nutrient for which the standard diet surpassed the SCD, as 9 out of 10 participants had inadequate intake. While children on the SCD showed a lower likelihood of nutrient inadequacy compared to the general population, inadequate calcium intake and elevated SFA and red meat consumption are concerning given known comorbidities in JIA. These results highlight the importance of disease-specific dietary guidance to ensure optimal support for patients and parents.

Lifestyle has been associated with in vitro fertilisation (IVF) success rates, but studies on diet and IVF outcomes are inconclusive. We studied associations between adherence to the Dutch guidelines for a Healthy diet 2015 and pregnancy chances among women receiving modified natural cycle in vitro fertilisation (MNC-IVF). This prospective cohort study utilised data from 109 women undergoing MNC-IVF between 2014 and 2018 at University Medical Centre Groningen enrolled in a study examining associations between metabolic profile of follicular fluid and oocyte quality. Adherence to dietary guidelines was assessed by daily food records quantified based on the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) 2015 Index. IVF outcomes (i.e. positive pregnancy test, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth) were obtained from patient records. Statistical analyses involved Cox proportional hazard regression analyses while adjusting for maternal covariates age, smoking, and Body Mass Index (BMI), and stratified for treatment, age, BMI, and energy intake. Women were 31.5 ± 3.3 years old, and had a BMI of 23.5 ± 3.5 kg/m². Higher DHD2015 adherence was linked to a reduced probability of achieving an ongoing pregnancy (HR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.62-0.96), live birth (HR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.62-0.98), and showed a non-significant trend towards a lower probability of a positive pregnancy test (HR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.71-1.01). Associations were particularly present among women undergoing MNC-ICSI (n = 87, p-for-interaction = 0.06), with shorter duration of infertility (n = 44, p-for-interaction=0.06), being overweight (n = 31, p-for interaction = 0.11), and having higher energy intakes (n = 55, p-for-interaction = 0.14). This explorative study suggests inverse trends between DHD2015 adherence and MNC-IVF outcomes, encouraging well-powered stratified analyses in larger studies to further explore these unexpected findings.

Previous studies have assessed how supplementing with Garcinia cambogia affects glycaemic control and liver enzyme levels; nevertheless, the results were not consistent. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of Garcinia cambogia on glycaemic control and liver enzymes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted from the beginning through February 2023, using online databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library). Trials examining the impact of Garcinia cambogia on serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum level of insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in adults were included. The overall estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. This meta-analysis includes nine publications with 444 participants. The results showed that Garcinia cambogia has no significant effect on FBS (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.02 mg/dl, 95% CI: -1.29, 3.33), insulin (WMD: -0.12 mU/L, 95% CI: -1.50, 1.25), AST (Hedges' g: -0.08, 95% CI: -0.43, 0.26), and ALT (Hedges' g: 0.27, 95% CI: -0.20, 0.73). Subgroup analysis showed that Garcinia cambogia significantly increased insulin levels in females and also increased insulin and FBS levels in those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m². Nevertheless, the administration of Garcinia cambogia for more than 8 weeks significantly decreased insulin levels. This meta-analysis showed that supplementation with Garcinia cambogia has no significant effect on FBS, insulin, ALT, or AST levels compared with control groups; however, it seems that increasing the duration of the intervention may have a decreasing effect on insulin levels.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify patterns of food preparation and examine their demographic and socio-economic drivers, along with impacts on health and nutritional status, physical activity, and diet quality. Dietary data from a national-representative sample (n = 5005, 3-84 years) of the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015/16) were classified by preparation locations (at or away from home) and analysed via hierarchical clustering. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between demographic and socio-economic factors and food preparation patterns and between these patterns and health and nutritional status, physical activity, and diet quality. The most common food preparation pattern (followed by 45.4% of participants) represented the highest intake of foods prepared by away-from-home establishments. Adolescents (vs. children, OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.17, 0.49) and older adults (vs. adults, OR = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.26, 0.53) had lower odds of following this pattern, whereas adult men (vs. women, OR = 4.20, 95%CI = 3.17, 5.57) had higher odds. Higher education, higher household income, and having children/adolescents in the household also increased the odds of eating foods prepared away from home, whereas living in rural areas or in food-insecure households decreased the odds. Noticeably, adults consuming more foods prepared away from home had lower odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.56, 0.97), but higher odds of sedentarism (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.08, 1.96) and poor diet (OR = 3.01, 95%CI = 2.08, 4.34) compared to those consuming more foods prepared at home by themselves. Dietary patterns marked by high away-from-home food preparation prevail. While these correlated with higher socio-economic status, sedentarism, and poorer diet - relatively to patterns with greater reliance on homecooked food - they were not linked to higher odds of obesity.