Complete genome analysis reveals environmental adaptability of sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioclava nitratireducens M1-LQ-LJL-11 and symbiotic relationship with deep-sea hydrothermal vent Chrysomallon squamiferum

One sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioclava sp. M1-LQ-LJL-11 was isolated from the gill of Chrysomallon squamiferum collected from 2700 m deep hydrothermal named Longqi on the southwest Indian Ocean ridge. In order to understand its survival mechanism in hydrothermal extreme environment and symbiotic relationship with its host, the complete genome of strain M1-LQ-LJL-11 was sequenced and analyzed. A total of 6117 Mb of valid data was obtained, including 4096 coding genes, 61 non coding genes, including 9 rRNAs (among them, there are 3 in 23S rRNA, 3 in 5S rRNA, and 3 in 16S rRNA.), 52 tRNAs and 35 genomic islands. Strain M1-LQ-LJL-11 contains one chromosome and two plasmids. In the genome annotation information of the strain, we found 28 genes including cys sox, sor, sqr, tst related to sulfur metabolism and 17 metal resistance genes. Interestingly, a pair of quorum sensing system which probably regulating biofilm formation located in chromosome was found. These genes are critical for self-adaptation against severe environment as well as host survival. This study provides a basis understanding for the adaptive strategies of deep-sea hydrothermal bacteria and symbiotic relationship with its host in extreme environments through gene level.