家庭环境及其与一岁婴儿发声的关系。

Morgan Hines, Thomas Carpenito, Alaina Martens, Alicia Iizuka, Billi Aspinwall, Emily Zimmerman
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摘要

背景:先前的数据表明,家庭环境影响儿童的发展;然而,关于家庭环境如何影响儿童和成人词汇的研究仍然很少。因此,本前瞻性和定量研究的目的是研究家庭环境与婴儿和父母在3个月和12个月时产生的发声或单词数量以及会话回合之间的关系。方法:对72名足月婴儿(56%为男性)在3个月和12个月时进行评估。家庭环境是通过访谈和使用婴幼儿家庭环境观察量表(IT-HOME)对儿童家庭进行观察来亲自评估的。发声使用语言环境分析(LENA)设备进行测量,该设备测量成人单词计数,儿童发声计数和会话次数。然后将这些测量值平均为在录音期间最健谈的一小时。结果:在3个月时,IT-HOME学习材料分数与成人词汇的减少显著相关。我们发现,按性别分层时,3个月和12个月的LENA结果在统计学上有显著差异。具体来说,与3个月大的婴儿相比,12个月大的男婴发声明显减少,而女婴发声更多。比较3个月和12个月的时间点,在IT-HOME学习材料、组织、反应性和总分方面也有统计学上的显著差异。结论:这些发现揭示了家庭环境在生命的第一年发生了显著的变化。在3个月时,家里的学习材料与成人词汇有关,而在3到12个月之间,家里的几个方面发生了显著变化。男孩在3到12个月之间发声减少;然而,在同一时间点,女性儿童的发声能力有所增加。未来的研究应侧重于用多种测量方法、时间点和患者群体来检查这些结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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The home environment and its relation to vocalizations in the first year of life.

Background: Prior data has shown that the home environment impacts child development; however, there remains a paucity of research on how the home environment relates to child and adult words. Therefore, the aim of this prospective and quantitative study was to examine the relationship between the home environment and the quantity of vocalizations or words, and conversational turns produced by infants and parents at 3 and 12 months of age.

Methods: Seventy-two (56% male) full-term infants were assessed at 3 and 12 months of age. The home environment was assessed in person via interview and observation of the child's home using the Infant-Toddler Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) Inventory subscales. Vocalizations were measured using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) device, which measures the adult word count, child vocalization count and conversational turn count. These measures were then averaged for the most voluble, or vocal hour, in the recording period.

Results: At 3 months, IT-HOME Learning Materials scores were significantly associated with a decrease in adult words. We found a statistically significant difference in LENA outcomes between 3 and 12 months when stratified by sex. Specifically, male infants had significantly fewer vocalizations at 12 months when compared to 3 months, whereas females had more vocalizations. There was also a statistically significant difference in IT-HOME Learning Materials, Organization, Responsivity, and Total scores when comparing 3- and 12-month time points.

Conclusions: These findings reveal that the home environment changes significantly over the first year of life. At 3 months, Learning Materials in the home were related to adult words, while between 3 and 12 months, several aspects of the home significantly changed. Male children had reduced vocalizations between 3 and 12 months; whereas, female children had increased vocalizations during the same time points. Future research should focus on examining these outcomes with multiple measures, time points, and patient populations.

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