伪毕达哥拉斯著作中的停滞和过剩的概念:柏拉图的影响和拼凑

Corentin Voisin
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摘要

城邦,作为各种公民的集合,可能会受到不和谐的威胁,最终可能会因为停滞而崩溃,因为不同利益群体之间的内部冲突。柏拉图在《高尔吉亚》中论述了这一计划,在《理想国》中论述得更彻底。这两篇对话都是伪毕达哥拉斯著作的灵感来源,这种著作在公元前4世纪下半叶和希腊化时期蓬勃发展。其中,Kleinias, Metopus, Theages, Lysis和Hippodamus的条约经常使用停滞和pleonexia的概念来描述一个城市如何治理,以及如果公民的行为不受控制会出现什么样的危险。总的来说,这些条约将柏拉图关于冲突的看法改编为一些毕达哥拉斯的形象和教义。通过混合这两种影响,他们模糊了柏拉图主义和毕达哥拉斯主义之间的界限,并创造了一种交织在一起的文学类型,根据lacimvi - strauss的概念,这种文学类型可能被称为“拼凑”。这些哲学文本使用的材料大多可以追溯到希腊化时期,但也有一些片段与早期毕达哥拉斯主义的冲突和暴力概念有关。
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The Conception of stasis and pleonexia in Pseudo-Pythagorean Writings: Platonic Influences and Bricolages
The polis, as a gathering of various citizens, may be threatened by discord and finally may collapse because of the stasis, the internal conflict between different groups of people with diverging interests. This scheme is tackled by Plato in Gorgias, and more thoroughly in the Republic. Both dialogues were a source of inspiration for the pseudo-Pythagorean writings which flourished between the second half of the 4th century B.C. and the Hellenistic period. Among them, the treaties attributed to Kleinias, Metopus, Theages, Lysis and Hippodamus frequently use the concept of stasis and pleonexia to describe how a city may be governed and what kind of danger may appear if the citizens’ behavior is not controlled. In general, these treaties adapt the vision of Plato concerning conflict to some Pythagorean images and teachings. By mingling both influences, they blur the frontier between Platonism and Pythagoreanism and create a genre of intertwined literature which may be qualified as bricolage, according to Lévi-Strauss’s concept. These philosophical texts use a range of material mostly traced back to the Hellenistic period, but also some fragments related to the conception of conflicts and violence in early Pythagoreanism.
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