Students' and Parents' Online Behavior and Exposure towards Cyberbullying

With the propagation of cyberbullying, this paper attempts to propose a model based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), integrating an external construct named cyber parenting. Cyber parenting has always been an issue in the community as there are gaps found in parents' digital literacy levels and actual practices with their children. Therefore, this paper aims to include this external construct and test the reliability of the proposed scale. The study was conducted by compiling relevant measures from various sources into two sets of questionnaires, followed by assessing the reliability of the scales based on the pilot testing's result. To achieve this objective, Group 1 respondents (students aged 18 years old and above) were assigned with cyberbullying questionnaire to study their online behavior, while Group 2 respondents (parents of Group 1 respondents) were assigned with cyber parenting questionnaire to study their parenting behavior. The findings show that 50% of the scales achieve an acceptable internal consistency. Several items from these scales were dropped and rephrased to enhance the reliability of the scale in studying students' and parents' online behavior and exposure towards cyberbullying.