柏拉图的健全语言与对语言的伤害

Magali Année
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引用次数: 0

摘要

“用一种有害的方式说话(τ - μ - καλ λ ς λ)不仅是对语言本身的一种错误的注意(ε - ς α - τ - τ το το πλημμε),也是在灵魂中注入一些邪恶。”《斐多篇》(115 e 5-7)中这段令人担忧的陈述应该被视为柏拉图对话录的关键。但是,我们该如何理解一种被认为具有自身自主性的语言内部的“假音符”的危害呢?它是否与“名字之间的停滞”(克拉提罗斯438 d 2)有关,如果是这样,在语言内部,哪里可以找到能够防止灵魂灾难的“正确音符”?
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Plato’s Sound Language against the Harm done to Language
“To speak in a harmful way (τὸ μὴ καλῶς λέγειν) is not only a false note towards language itself (εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο πλημμελές), it is also to infuse some evil within souls.” This worrisome statement in the Phaedo (115 e 5–7) should be considered as a key of Plato’s dialogues. But how shall we understand the harmfulness of a “false note” inside the very language thought of as having its own autonomy? Does it have to do with “stasis between names” (Cratylus 438 d 2), and if so, where to find, inside language, the “right note” capable of preventing the disaster of souls?
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