2.5 A 40×40 Four-Neighbor Time-Based In-Memory Computing Graph ASIC Chip Featuring Wavefront Expansion and 2D Gradient Control

Single-source shortest path (SSP) problems have a rich history of algorithm development [1–3]. SSP has many applications including AI decision making, robot navigation, VLSI signal routing, autonomous vehicles and many other classes of problems that can be mapped onto graphs. Conventional algorithms rely on sequentially traversing the search space, which is inherently limited by traditional computer architecture. In graphs which become very large, this slow processing time can become a bottleneck in real world applications. We propose a time-based ASIC to address this issue. Our design leverages a dedicated hardware implementation to solve these problems in linear time complexity with superior energy efficiency. A $40\times40$ four-neighbor grid implements a wavefront (WF) expansion with a first-in lockout mechanism to enable traceback. Outside the array, a programmable resistive ladder provides bias voltages to the edge cells, which enables pulse shaping reminiscent of the A* algorithm [3].