A theory of game mechanic signaling for interface design

We introduce a theory of how game mechanics are signaled through interfaces. Game mechanics may be signaled through player-perceived affordances, player-interpreted signifiers, avatar-perceived affordances, avatar-interpreted signifiers, arbitrary signifiers, or metagame signifiers, and may be obscured with hidden affordances and false signifiers. Each has implications for immersion, narrative coherence, and player frustration. Designers can use game mechanic signaling to understand how a player will perceive action opportunities in play, suggesting alternate designs to support or inhibit discovery and game mechanic engagement.