Impacts of large-scale photovoltaic generation penetration on power system spinning reserve allocation

With increasingly widespread utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems, the stochastic characteristics of the PV generation may bring new challenges to security and reliability of the power system operation. This paper proposes a novel spinning reserve requirement optimization model considering the impacts of large-scale photovoltaic generation penetration. The effects of forecast error of PV generation output on the energy not supplied are taken into account in the proposed model. The power system spinning reserve is optimized using a benefit/cost analysis approach to coordinate the costs of generation operation, and the costs of the expected energy not supplied (EENS). The proposed model is illustrated using IEEE reliability test system (RTS-96). Numerical results systematically demonstrate the increase of scheduled spinning reserve and the reduction of EENS via the application of the proposed model. The penetration levels of PV generation in power systems are symmetrically analyzed for future implementation of the proposed model.