On the tactical capabilities of gas and smoke protection service units when working in difficult conditions

PURPOSE. Orientation of the gas and smoke protection service (GSPS) unit when working in an unbreathable environment while rescuing people and extinguishing fires is a rather difficult task. It becomes even more difficult if a fire occurs in challenging environment, for example, in subway tunnels or cable structures of energy enterprises. The length of these objects can reach several hundred meters, and, as a rule, there are only two entry points for GSPS units in them: an entrance and an exit located on opposite sides of the structure. The authors have analyzed means of GSPS unit orientation in conditions of bad visibility. With the help of mathematical calculations, the expediency of introducing the considered methods into practice is substantiated. METHODS. The article presents an analysis of the ways and methods of GSPS unit orienting. On the basis of mathematical analysis, possible circumstances of the smoke divers operation in a fire are predicted. FINDINGS. A preliminary assessment of GSPS units’ tactical capabilities operating in difficult fire conditions in the subway tunnel has been carried out. Calculations of GSPS unit operation parameters have been made in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. It has been determined that even under the most favorable conditions the GSPS unit is not able to complete the task without having clear spatial references. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results obtained can be used in smoke divers training, as well as in the practical activities of firefighters guarding metro and energy facilities. CONCLUSIONS. The authors have proposed variants of signs and markings that allow smoke divers to determine their location in a timely manner and make competent management decisions. Introducing the proposed methods for GSPS units orienting will make it possible to perform the tasks of rescuing victims as quickly and safely as possible.