气候变化对动物生产和动物疾病蔓延的影响:埃塞俄比亚视角综述

Wakgari Abirham Haile
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引用次数: 7

摘要

气候变化是全球平均空气和海洋温度上升以及平均海平面上升的结果。畜牧业生产和健康极易受到气候变化的影响。气候变化对新出现和重新出现的动物疾病和人畜共患病具有直接和间接的影响,因为它破坏了自然生态系统,并使致病病原体进入新的地区,从而可能伤害野生动物和家养物种以及人类。气候变化影响疾病和害虫的分布、范围、流行率、发病率和季节性,但变化的程度仍然高度不确定。蓝舌病、西尼罗热、裂谷热、非洲马病等病媒传播疾病的发生和分布与天气模式密切相关,长期气候因素对暴发的发生率有很大影响。动物生产与气候变化之间的相互作用是复杂和多向的,因为动物生产对气候变化有贡献;但更糟糕的是,气候变化严重影响了动物生产。气候变化、动物生产系统和动物疾病密切相关。但更糟糕的是,气候变化和动物生产系统的变化对动物疾病的发生、分布、出现和再出现都有很大的影响。气候变化、动物生产和疾病之间的密切联系;气候对动物生产和卫生部门的威胁日益加剧,需要环境、动物生产和卫生领域的利益攸关方以综合和系统的方式开展工作;重点研究气候变化状况及其对动物生产和健康的直接和间接影响;确保可持续畜牧业和土地利用的发展,以及气候适应和减缓战略。
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Impact of Climate Change on Animal Production and Expansion of Animal Disease: A Review on Ethiopia Perspective
Climate change is a result of the global increase in average air and ocean temperatures, and rising average sea levels. Livestock production and health are significantly vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climate change has direct and indirect impacts on emerging and re-emerging animal diseases and zoonoses since it disrupts natural ecosystems and allows disease-causing pathogens to move into new areas where they may harm wildlife and domestic species, as well as humans. Climate change affects diseases and pest distributions, range prevalence, incidence, and seasonality but the degree of change remains highly uncertain. The occurrence and distribution of vector-borne diseases such as bluetongue, west Nile fever, rift valley fever, African horse sickness, etc. are closely associated with weather patterns and long-term climatic factors strongly influence the incidence of outbreaks. The interaction between animal production and climate change is complex and multi-directional since animal production contributes to climate change; but to the reverse and worse condition, climate change highly affects animal production. Climate change, animal production systems, and animal diseases are strongly linked to each other. But what is worse is that both change in climate and the production systems of animals highly affect the occurrence, distribution, emergence, and re-emergence of animal diseases. The close linkage among climate change, animal production, and disease; the increased threat of climate on the animal production and health sectors needs: the hands of stakeholders in the environment, animal production and health to work in an integrated and systematic manner; researches with emphasis given to the state of climate change and the direct and indirect effects it poses on animal production and health; and ensuring development of sustainable animal farming and land use, and climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
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