A Novel Formal Representation and Reasoning for Commonsense Knowledge

Commonsense knowledge reasoning is an important an important research field in artificial intelligence, and there has been a lot of research. But there is still much work to be done on the basic theory of commonsense knowledge formalization. In this article, we introduce a novel quantifier in first- order logic, called "collective quantifier", in order to construct a logical framework for the formal representation and reasoning of commonsense knowledge. After giving the semantic explanation of the collective quantifier, the complete formal expression of commonsense knowledge is realized. The proposed quantifier is slightly weaker than the universal quantifier. The universal quantifier describes the "characteristics of all individuals in the universe", while the collective quantifier describes the "characteristics of most individuals in the universe". In addition, we also propose a multi-level commonsense knowledge representation and reasoning, which divides the attribute values of commonsense knowledge into multiple levels for processing. For example, the commonsense knowledge "rainfall can cause floods" is divided into "heavy rains can cause catastrophic floods" or "heavy rains can cause major floods". Multi-level commonsense knowledge reasoning broadens the application scope of Classical commonsense knowledge reasoning.