Blockchain Technology as Enablement of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 (also known as smart manufacturing or industrial internet of things [IIoT]) refers to a major change in the way products are manufactured and delivered, with a focus on industrial automation and the flexible factory backed with several technologies that include the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, and artificial intelligence. Industry 4.0 gave birth to a new age of smart manufacturing, automated supply chain, and personalized goods and services. Meanwhile, the rise in the application of blockchain technology (BCT) in different sectors propels the Industry 4.0 model to extend its scope. This chapter discusses the impact of BCT as the enablement of Industry 4.0. The modified e-Delphi methodology aimed at gathering the opinions of recognized experts was used. The findings present the potential that BCT brings using a case along with emerging issues. Emerging issues such as BCT security, interoperability, smart contract issues, digital twin issues, and ethical issues are discussed, and solutions are proposed.