Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch003
K. Jameel, Asim Rafiq
Blockchain is very crucial for paving new ways for how economies will function in the future, as it helps in eliminating intermediaries and thus saving time and cost. Various important uses of this new blockchain technology have been highlighted, but research and practice are still in their formative phases. The core objective of this study is to describe the impact of blockchain on existing and novel business prototypes while managing operational risk. Consequently, the authors pinpoint five similarities that improve the understanding of how blockchain technology affects current financial structure and creates new business models. This research suggested using these findings to ascertain further designs initiated by blockchain and how firms can use it to revolutionize its business model. Though there are many favorable uses of this new technology, inquiry and established procedures are still in their embryonic stages, which means it will take some time before blockchain's impact is felt on a larger scale.
{"title":"Financial Market Infrastructure and Implementation of Blockchain Technology","authors":"K. Jameel, Asim Rafiq","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is very crucial for paving new ways for how economies will function in the future, as it helps in eliminating intermediaries and thus saving time and cost. Various important uses of this new blockchain technology have been highlighted, but research and practice are still in their formative phases. The core objective of this study is to describe the impact of blockchain on existing and novel business prototypes while managing operational risk. Consequently, the authors pinpoint five similarities that improve the understanding of how blockchain technology affects current financial structure and creates new business models. This research suggested using these findings to ascertain further designs initiated by blockchain and how firms can use it to revolutionize its business model. Though there are many favorable uses of this new technology, inquiry and established procedures are still in their embryonic stages, which means it will take some time before blockchain's impact is felt on a larger scale.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125645120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch004
F. Amin, Dong Qianli, Wasim ul Amin, Iram Zulfiqar, S. Kanwal
Blockchain technology provides a number of technological features, including high transparency, traceability, and trustiness. Its use in the logistics business increases technical support and ensures the logistics industry's effectiveness, as well as records, stores, and logistics information. The transmission ensures security, prevents logistics information from being distorted, and ensures the authenticity of logistics information. The use of blockchain technology in the logistics business has a positive impact on the industry's competitiveness and technical advantages. Blockchain has emerged as a key technology advancement with the ability to solve logistics problems. It's time for Pakistan to take advantage of this new technology. Blockchain has the potential to transform Pakistan's logistics sector.
{"title":"A Study on Blockchain Technology Implementation in the Logistics Sector of Pakistan","authors":"F. Amin, Dong Qianli, Wasim ul Amin, Iram Zulfiqar, S. Kanwal","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology provides a number of technological features, including high transparency, traceability, and trustiness. Its use in the logistics business increases technical support and ensures the logistics industry's effectiveness, as well as records, stores, and logistics information. The transmission ensures security, prevents logistics information from being distorted, and ensures the authenticity of logistics information. The use of blockchain technology in the logistics business has a positive impact on the industry's competitiveness and technical advantages. Blockchain has emerged as a key technology advancement with the ability to solve logistics problems. It's time for Pakistan to take advantage of this new technology. Blockchain has the potential to transform Pakistan's logistics sector.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch005
Adeel Shah, Aisha Ismail
Innovation is taking place rapidly, which is changing the demand level. Diversifying the supply chain with changing demand patterns is another challenge to meet. Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 is the new way to effectively manage the supply chain process with the updated conventional business model. The technology enhances the traditional business model and improves distance relations among companies and customers through well managed distribution channels, creates high-level customer satisfaction, and provides timely information in each stage of the supply chain process. Innovative technology allows companies to make more profit by saving time and making an additional product to meet specific demands cost-effectively. It is also reducing human efforts, which will be taking place by robotics soon. The industrial revolution is the new beginning of an environment where the supply chain will be managed by intelligent technology, improving the overall process of value chains.
{"title":"Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Supply Chain Management","authors":"Adeel Shah, Aisha Ismail","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is taking place rapidly, which is changing the demand level. Diversifying the supply chain with changing demand patterns is another challenge to meet. Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 is the new way to effectively manage the supply chain process with the updated conventional business model. The technology enhances the traditional business model and improves distance relations among companies and customers through well managed distribution channels, creates high-level customer satisfaction, and provides timely information in each stage of the supply chain process. Innovative technology allows companies to make more profit by saving time and making an additional product to meet specific demands cost-effectively. It is also reducing human efforts, which will be taking place by robotics soon. The industrial revolution is the new beginning of an environment where the supply chain will be managed by intelligent technology, improving the overall process of value chains.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125870593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Big data is a collection of huge amounts of data for extracting information from data. This helps the firms know the hidden knowledge in the data. This research aims to study the adoption of big data in the hotels of India, and it is helping in improving performance. For this study, a technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework is used. The factors are identified from the literature review. A questionnaire is prepared for survey-based research in the hotel industry. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling are used for analysis. Three models are developed for the study. The entire proposed hypothesis for the study was accepted.
{"title":"How to Improve Organizational Performance Using Big Data in the Hotels","authors":"Subhodeep Mukherjee, Manish Mohan Baral, Venkataiah Chittipaka","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Big data is a collection of huge amounts of data for extracting information from data. This helps the firms know the hidden knowledge in the data. This research aims to study the adoption of big data in the hotels of India, and it is helping in improving performance. For this study, a technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework is used. The factors are identified from the literature review. A questionnaire is prepared for survey-based research in the hotel industry. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling are used for analysis. Three models are developed for the study. The entire proposed hypothesis for the study was accepted.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115718468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch010
M. Tanveer, Abdul-Rahim Ahmad
Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic, has caused people to spend more time online. The pandemic has spurred growth in the use of social media technologies. Organizations now train employees to use digital media to coordinate work and connect to fulfill the requirement of supply chain management (SCM). The study aims to produce effective discussion regarding the importance of SCM and technologies and how it can assist in the recent times of COVID-19 regarding job performance. Research predicts the new ways of business conducted and how communication and coordination, knowledge exchange, training, and development are helpful in carrying out effective job productivity at the workplace of SCM. The authors analyzed responses of more than 294 SCM employee who reported on “go-to” technologies and social media tools to remote office practices. The research employed quantitative methodology (i.e., emailed questionnaires) and found that social media has become an important tool for conducting business operations due to social distancing and isolation.
{"title":"Supply Chain Management Professional Use Technologies (SM) During the Pandemic to Accomplish Tasks","authors":"M. Tanveer, Abdul-Rahim Ahmad","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic, has caused people to spend more time online. The pandemic has spurred growth in the use of social media technologies. Organizations now train employees to use digital media to coordinate work and connect to fulfill the requirement of supply chain management (SCM). The study aims to produce effective discussion regarding the importance of SCM and technologies and how it can assist in the recent times of COVID-19 regarding job performance. Research predicts the new ways of business conducted and how communication and coordination, knowledge exchange, training, and development are helpful in carrying out effective job productivity at the workplace of SCM. The authors analyzed responses of more than 294 SCM employee who reported on “go-to” technologies and social media tools to remote office practices. The research employed quantitative methodology (i.e., emailed questionnaires) and found that social media has become an important tool for conducting business operations due to social distancing and isolation.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130783125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch009
F. Ishengoma
Industry 4.0 (also known as smart manufacturing or industrial internet of things [IIoT]) refers to a major change in the way products are manufactured and delivered, with a focus on industrial automation and the flexible factory backed with several technologies that include the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, and artificial intelligence. Industry 4.0 gave birth to a new age of smart manufacturing, automated supply chain, and personalized goods and services. Meanwhile, the rise in the application of blockchain technology (BCT) in different sectors propels the Industry 4.0 model to extend its scope. This chapter discusses the impact of BCT as the enablement of Industry 4.0. The modified e-Delphi methodology aimed at gathering the opinions of recognized experts was used. The findings present the potential that BCT brings using a case along with emerging issues. Emerging issues such as BCT security, interoperability, smart contract issues, digital twin issues, and ethical issues are discussed, and solutions are proposed.
{"title":"Blockchain Technology as Enablement of Industry 4.0","authors":"F. Ishengoma","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0 (also known as smart manufacturing or industrial internet of things [IIoT]) refers to a major change in the way products are manufactured and delivered, with a focus on industrial automation and the flexible factory backed with several technologies that include the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, and artificial intelligence. Industry 4.0 gave birth to a new age of smart manufacturing, automated supply chain, and personalized goods and services. Meanwhile, the rise in the application of blockchain technology (BCT) in different sectors propels the Industry 4.0 model to extend its scope. This chapter discusses the impact of BCT as the enablement of Industry 4.0. The modified e-Delphi methodology aimed at gathering the opinions of recognized experts was used. The findings present the potential that BCT brings using a case along with emerging issues. Emerging issues such as BCT security, interoperability, smart contract issues, digital twin issues, and ethical issues are discussed, and solutions are proposed.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122177694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch011
Arsalan Zahid Piprani, Amjad Ali, Adeel Shah
As the magnitude of accessible data grows, a multitude of business intelligence (BI) tools have emerged, all of which may be together referred to as big data analytics (BDA). BDA in supply chain management-related activities is essential because it can manage global, complex, tempestuous, and dynamic value chains. The powerful influence of big data (BD) capabilities on supply chain (SC) and overall company performance is attracting operations management researchers, who see them as having a significant impact on supply chain and company performance. This chapter discussed the importance of big data analytics and connected it with its significance in the supply chain context. The authors demonstrated how big data analytics (BDA) is a critical success element for an organization in the global and dynamic market. This chapter also highlights some of the barriers and challenges in implementing big data analytics in the supply chain.
{"title":"Big Data Analytics","authors":"Arsalan Zahid Piprani, Amjad Ali, Adeel Shah","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"As the magnitude of accessible data grows, a multitude of business intelligence (BI) tools have emerged, all of which may be together referred to as big data analytics (BDA). BDA in supply chain management-related activities is essential because it can manage global, complex, tempestuous, and dynamic value chains. The powerful influence of big data (BD) capabilities on supply chain (SC) and overall company performance is attracting operations management researchers, who see them as having a significant impact on supply chain and company performance. This chapter discussed the importance of big data analytics and connected it with its significance in the supply chain context. The authors demonstrated how big data analytics (BDA) is a critical success element for an organization in the global and dynamic market. This chapter also highlights some of the barriers and challenges in implementing big data analytics in the supply chain.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126902261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch006
F. Amin, Dong Qianli, Wasim ul Amin, Iram Zulfiqar, S. Kanwal
Transport management has significant importance in every organization. This chapter aims to evaluate the outsourcing decision of transportation management of an online shopping company. Recently, the company has witnessed significant growth in its operations, and it became inevitable to decide whether it continues outsourcing transportation management or go for insourcing as various problems are experienced due to outsourcing. The company has many logistics operations that include inbound receiving, warehousing, and outbound distribution. All the operations are considered and studied to understand the problem and objectives of outsourcing. In this chapter, a literature review regarding outsourcing transportation management is provided. Afterward, a research methodology is proposed and adopted, and then cost analysis is performed to check the feasibility concerning financial resources. Based on the cost analysis, it is decided to discontinue outsourcing transportation management. Some recommendations are also proposed for insourcing transportation management.
{"title":"Outsourcing Transportation Management","authors":"F. Amin, Dong Qianli, Wasim ul Amin, Iram Zulfiqar, S. Kanwal","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Transport management has significant importance in every organization. This chapter aims to evaluate the outsourcing decision of transportation management of an online shopping company. Recently, the company has witnessed significant growth in its operations, and it became inevitable to decide whether it continues outsourcing transportation management or go for insourcing as various problems are experienced due to outsourcing. The company has many logistics operations that include inbound receiving, warehousing, and outbound distribution. All the operations are considered and studied to understand the problem and objectives of outsourcing. In this chapter, a literature review regarding outsourcing transportation management is provided. Afterward, a research methodology is proposed and adopted, and then cost analysis is performed to check the feasibility concerning financial resources. Based on the cost analysis, it is decided to discontinue outsourcing transportation management. Some recommendations are also proposed for insourcing transportation management.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131150386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch001
Muhammad Umar, K. Farooq, M. Yusliza, Hafiz M. K. U. Haq
The aim of the current study is to investigathe the effect of Industry 4.0 on internal green supply chain management practices (IGSCP) in the context of emerging economies. The cross-sectional data were collected from 185 manufacturing firms of Pakistan using a questionnaire, which was analyzed through structural equation modelling. In the current era, with the advent of Industry 4.0 technologies, there is emphasis on technology in every field. Organizations must acknowledge Industry 4.0 innovative contributions towards IGSCP and broaden their understanding as the literature on Industry 4.0 is still lacking and needs empirical investigation. The results indicated that Industry 4.0 has a positive and significant effect on IGSCPs. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that IGSCP practices have a positive nexus with economic and environmental performance. This research presents valuable insight for policymakers, manufacturers, and managers interested in promoting GSCM practices for improved economic and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Industry 4.0, Internal Green Supply Chain Practices, and the Firm's Sustainable Performance","authors":"Muhammad Umar, K. Farooq, M. Yusliza, Hafiz M. K. U. Haq","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study is to investigathe the effect of Industry 4.0 on internal green supply chain management practices (IGSCP) in the context of emerging economies. The cross-sectional data were collected from 185 manufacturing firms of Pakistan using a questionnaire, which was analyzed through structural equation modelling. In the current era, with the advent of Industry 4.0 technologies, there is emphasis on technology in every field. Organizations must acknowledge Industry 4.0 innovative contributions towards IGSCP and broaden their understanding as the literature on Industry 4.0 is still lacking and needs empirical investigation. The results indicated that Industry 4.0 has a positive and significant effect on IGSCPs. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that IGSCP practices have a positive nexus with economic and environmental performance. This research presents valuable insight for policymakers, manufacturers, and managers interested in promoting GSCM practices for improved economic and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124863415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch008
M. Tanveer
Implementation and adoption of new technologies are gaining the result of smooth supply chain and logistics operations. Internet of things (IoT) artificial intelligence, including data mining, intensified in all fields of life, particularly in supply chain management and operations. Blockchain technology has the capability to reform the supply chain and logistics operations management. Blockchain provides digital database solutions for all transactions across supply chain and operations management. Radio frequency identification device (RFID) is also helping technology transmit electromagnetic waves to radio-compatible integrated circuits to look after and manage the entire supply chain and logistics operations management. The Fourth Industry Revolution 4.0 refers to the automation, interconnectivity, machine learning, and real-time data that help supply chain and logistics operations management in the 21st century.
{"title":"Supply Chain and Logistics Operations Management Under the Era of Advanced Technology","authors":"M. Tanveer","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7642-7.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation and adoption of new technologies are gaining the result of smooth supply chain and logistics operations. Internet of things (IoT) artificial intelligence, including data mining, intensified in all fields of life, particularly in supply chain management and operations. Blockchain technology has the capability to reform the supply chain and logistics operations management. Blockchain provides digital database solutions for all transactions across supply chain and operations management. Radio frequency identification device (RFID) is also helping technology transmit electromagnetic waves to radio-compatible integrated circuits to look after and manage the entire supply chain and logistics operations management. The Fourth Industry Revolution 4.0 refers to the automation, interconnectivity, machine learning, and real-time data that help supply chain and logistics operations management in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":281154,"journal":{"name":"Integrating Blockchain Technology Into the Circular Economy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120851600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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