第一个孩子的年龄:教育是否会推迟生育时间?肯尼亚的案例

C. Ferré
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引用次数: 72

摘要

完成额外几年的教育必然需要花更多的时间在学校。如果妇女在继续上高中或大学的同时往往不生孩子,那么教育自然会对生育产生相当机械的影响,从而推迟和缩短她们的生育年龄。本文使用了1989年、1993年、1998年和2003年肯尼亚人口与健康调查的数据来揭示多上一年学对青少年生育率的影响。为了解决学校教育和生育偏好之间的内生性问题,该分析使用了1985年肯尼亚教育改革作为多年教育的工具。作者发现,多受一年教育,少女生育的可能性至少会降低10%。在至少完成初等教育的情况下,在20岁之前生第一个孩子的可能性约为65%;因此,这意味着这一群体的青少年生育率降低了15%。对于完成了至少小学教育的女性来说,每年多学一年,成为母亲的可能性就会降低7.3%,而对于完成了至少中学教育的女性来说,这一比例为5.6%。这些结果(符合各种规格)对制定卫生和教育政策的政策和决策者至关重要。本文表明,投资教育可以对健康产生积极的溢出效应。
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Age at First Child: Does Education Delay Fertility Timing? The Case of Kenya
Completing additional years of education necessarily entails spending more time in school. There is naturally a rather mechanical effect of schooling on fertility if women tend not to have children while continuing to attend high school or college, thus delaying the beginning of and shortening their reproductive life. This paper uses data from the Kenyan Demographic and Health Surveys of 1989, 1993, 1998, and 2003 to uncover the impact of staying one more year in school on teenage fertility. To get around the endogeneity issue between schooling and fertility preferences, the analysis uses the 1985 Kenyan education reform as an instrument for years of education. The authors find that adding one more year of education decreases by at least 10 percentage points the probability of giving birth when still a teenager. The probability of having one's first child before age 20, when having at least completed primary education, is about 65 percent; therefore, for this means a reduction of about 15 percent in teenage fertility rates for this group. One additional year of school curbs the probability of becoming a mother each year by 7.3 percent for women who have completed at least primary education, and 5.6 percent for women with at least a secondary degree. These results (robust to a wide array of specifications) are of crucial interest to policy and decision makers who set up health and educational policies. This paper shows that investing in education can have positive spillovers on health.
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