电化学储能控制方法:分类及实施方面

S. Plaksin, M. Y. Zhytnyk, R. Levchenko, S. Y. Ostapovska
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摘要

当电化学储能作为能源系统的一部分使用时,外部因素的影响会显著改变其基本参数:其可用容量降低,而其内阻和自放电增加,从而降低了储能的使用寿命,扰乱了整个能源系统的正常运行。提高储能系统的性能是一个迫切的挑战,有效地监测储能系统的状态是解决这一问题的途径之一。本研究的目的是根据电化学储能的运行条件,选择合适的控制方法,提高电化学储能的使用效率。对现有的电化学储能监测方法进行了分析概述,并根据控制参数对其进行了系统化和分类。结果表明,当存储器工作在缓冲器、起动器或主电源等动态模式时,在连接大功率电阻时,必须考虑表征存储器电阻能力的激活电阻和激活电容等参数,为存储器控制方式的选择提供有价值的信息。本文论证了在动态运行模式下,有必要采用脉冲存储控制方法,以便在考虑激活参数的情况下进行有效监控。根据其运行方式,提出了选择存储控制方法的实用建议。当存储器工作在动态模式时,脉冲多级恒电位和单脉冲恒流控制方法最能满足这一要求。作者优先考虑单脉冲恒流方法,它实现起来相对简单,对实际目的有足够的信息,有利于控制过程的自动化。利用该方法控制电化学储能在动态模式下运行的实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。
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Methods of electrochemical energy storage control: classification and aspects of implementing
When an electrochemical energy storage is used as part of an energy system, the influence of external factors significantly changes its basic parameters: its available capacity decreases, while its internal resistance and self-discharge increase, which reduces the lifespan of the storage and disrupts the normal functioning of the energy system as a whole. Improving the performance of the energy storage is an urgent challenge, and one way to address it is to efficiently monitor the storage’s status. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of using electrochemical energy storages by choosing a proper control method according to operating conditions of the storage. The conducted analytical overview of the existing methods of monitoring electrochemical energy storages allowed systematizing and classifying them by the controlled parameters. It is shown that if the storage operates in dynamic modes, such as buffer, starter or main energy source mode, when connecting high-power resistors, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as activation resistance and activation capacitance characterizing storage’s resistance capabilities and presenting valuable information for choosing the method of storage control. The paper demonstrates that in dynamic operation modes it is necessary to use impulse methods of storage control, which allow for efficient monitoring taking into account activation parameters. The authors offer practical recommendations on choosing a method of storage control depending on its operation mode. Pulse multistage potentiostatic and single-pulse galvanostatic control methods meet such requirements the most when the storage is operating in dynamic modes. The preference is given to the single-pulse galvanostatic method developed by the authors, it being relatively simple to implement and sufficiently informative for practical purposes, which facilitates the automation of the control process. Experimental results on controlling the electrochemical energy storage operating in dynamic modes obtained using the method developed by the authors confirm its efficiency.
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