Circular Economic Model to Improve Research Activities Efficiency and the Effectiveness of Indonesian Laws and Regulations Concerning Research

Higher education institutions are supposed to assume huge roles within the framework of nation-building through its 3 (three) main activities, namely education, research, and community service. The progress, however, could be very slow when carried out as a single, isolated entity. The current laws and regulations as well as international trend has suggested that higher education institutions operate in close collaboration with the industry, the government, and/or civil society, especially in fulfilling their mandatory research activities. This paper suggests further improvement by adopting the circular economic model widely adapted in the environmental law regime where efficiency could be maximized by leaving little to no research final or by-products to waste, along with attempts at changing public perspective in considering autonomy, collaboration, and commercialization in educational setting.