泰米尔纳德邦和性别比例的对角线鸿沟

S. Srinivasan, A. Bedi
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引用次数: 15

摘要

从1961年到2001年,印度的男女比例一直在稳步下降。尽管有相反的证据,但有一种趋势是,印度北部和西部的男女比例为低0-6,而印度东部和南部的大部分地区的男女比例为正常0-6。尽管据报道,泰米尔纳德邦的女婴死亡率出乎意料地高,但它仍然被认为是在0-6性别比例异常低的邦之外。基于对泰米尔纳德邦出生性比例、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率的时空格局分析,本文追溯了该邦女儿不足的发展,并检验了印度各地性别比例对角线划分的有效性。我们发现该州一半以上的地区都存在女儿不足的证据,其中大部分是在出生前出现的,可能是由于性别选择性堕胎,而不是出生后因杀女婴而造成的。本文提供的证据,加上印度西北部以外地区关于男女比例下降的早期研究,表明对角线划分不再是一种合适的区分。
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Tamil Nadu and the Diagonal Divide in Sex Ratios
Between 1961 and 2001, India's 0-6 sex ratio has steadily declined. Despite evidence to the contrary, there is a tendency to characterize this ratio in terms of a diagonal divide with low 0-6 sex ratios in northern and western India and for the most part, normal 0-6 sex ratios in eastern and southern India. While unexpectedly high rates of female infant mortality have been reported in Tamil Nadu, it is still regarded as lying outside the ambit of states with unusually low 0-6 sex ratios. Based on an analysis of temporal and spatial patterns in sex ratio at birth, infant mortality rates and under 5 mortality rates for Tamil Nadu, this paper traces the development of daughter deficit in the state and examines the validity of the diagonal divide in sex ratios across India. We find evidence of daughter deficit in more than half the state's districts with a majority of the shortfall arising before birth, potentially due to sex selective abortion as compared to after birth due to female infanticide. The evidence presented here, combined with earlier work on declining 0-6 sex ratios outside north-western India, suggests that the diagonal divide is no longer an appropriate distinction.
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