Parallel actuation and independent addressing of many bubble microrobots

Twenty-four bubble microrobots were opto-thermally actuated in parallel. The bubble microrobots were independently controlled by a computer-generated holographic (CGH) control system. This work demonstrates the actuation of many microrobots that are capable of performing an assigned task such as micro-assembly with increased throughput. To the best knowledge of the authors, these are the most microrobots independently actuated in parallel to date.