决策与经验效用的演变

A. Robson, L. Samuelson
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引用次数: 45

摘要

心理学家报告说,人们在“决策效用”的基础上做出选择,通常会高估这些选择的“经验效用”后果。本文认为,决策和经验效用之间的二分法可能是进化设计问题的解决方案。我们研究了一种设置,在这种设置中,进化设计了具有效用函数的智能体,这些效用函数必须调解跨期选择,并且在这种设置中,存在一种激励,以智能体以前的经验为条件来限制当前的效用。预测未来的效用调整会扭曲跨期激励,这种冲突通过将决策和经验效用分开来减弱。
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The Evolution of Decision and Experienced Utilities
Psychologists report that people make choices on the basis of "decision utilities" that routinely overestimate the "experienced utility" consequences of these choices. This paper argues that this dichotomy between decision and experienced utilities may be the solution to an evolutionary design problem. We examine a setting in which evolution designs agents with utility functions that must mediate intertemporal choices, and in which there is an incentive to condition current utilities on the agent's previous experience. Anticipating future utility adjustments can distort intertemporal incentives, a conflict that is attenuated by separating decision and experienced utilities.
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