萨达姆·侯赛因的复兴党:独裁政权内部

Weldon C. Matthews
{"title":"萨达姆·侯赛因的复兴党:独裁政权内部","authors":"Weldon C. Matthews","doi":"10.5860/choice.50-1116","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"SADDAM HUSSEIN'S BA'TH PARTY: INSIDE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME Joseph Sassoon New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012 (xxi + 314 pages, bibliography, index, i llustrations, and map) $29.99 (paper)Despite the attention that Iraq has commanded in the news media and among policymakers since 1990, the country's history, politics, culture, and economy have remained remarkably understudied. This situation is beginning to change, and Joseph Sassoon's Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party represents a major contribution to recent scholarship. Sassoon poses the question of how Saddam Hussein was able to maintain power through two disastrous wars, crippling economic sanctions, and the prolonged and assiduous efforts of the United States to bring him down. Sassoon's book answers this question with the assertion that the Ba'th Party was critical to maintaining the compliance, complicity, cooperation, and support of a significant segment of Iraq's population until the American-led invasion of 2003.Perceptive surveys of Iraq's history such as those by Charles Tripp (A History of Iraq, Cambridge, 2007) and Phebe Marr (The Modern History of Iraq, Westview, 2012) acknowledge that Saddam's regime successfully entangled and implicated many Iraqis in an elaborate system of patronage and surveillance. Sassoon places the Ba'th Party at the center of this enter- prise, looking inside the party to reveal its machinery and its relationship to other institutions of the state. By examining how the regime rewarded its loyalists, he adds a dimension largely absent from Kanan Makiya's The Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq (University of California, 1998), which focuses on the regime's repressive capacity. Sassoon's book explores the party's role in cultural production and thereby complements Eric Davis's Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq (University of California, 2005), which explores the regime's endeavor to maintain itself through crafting a hegemonic worldview to impart to its citizens.Sassoon bases his account on extensive use of Iraqi archival sources, among them textual records of the Iraqi government and audiotapes of meetings between Saddam and his close associates, which the United States seized during its occupation. The documents are now archived at the National Defense University in Washington, DC. A second major collection of archival sources that Sassoon exploited is the Ba'th Party Regional Command documents, also taken to the United States in the wake of the invasion. This collection amounts to some six million pages, which have been digitized and made available to researchers at the Hoover Institute on Stanford University campus. Sassoon also draws upon the records of the Iraqi secret police that were seized by Kurds during the March 1991 uprising in the north of the country. These documents include about 2.4 million pages that are archived in digital form at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In addition to the impressive archival research, Sassoon uses memoirs, Saddam's novels and published speeches, and the Iraqi press. He also interviewed a number of Iraqi officials and military officers who served in the Ba'thist regime.From these sources Sassoon reconstructs how the Iraqi Ba'th Party sustained Saddam's rule and constituted, along with the state bureaucracy and military, one of the three key components of the regime. The party's membership represented a reserve labor force that could be called upon to augment the capacity of the bureaucracy, security forces, and military. We learn that the party was hierarchically organized, hyperregulated, and bureaucratized, but also that it was also capable of fostering initiative and competition among its units. It even devoted considerable attention to conducting elections for the leadership of some levels of the hierarchy. Sassoon traces the lives of party members to demonstrate how party activism was professionalized and constituted a full-time career for Ba'thists in the party's upper echelons. …","PeriodicalId":184252,"journal":{"name":"Arab Studies Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"55","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party: Inside an Authoritarian Regime\",\"authors\":\"Weldon C. Matthews\",\"doi\":\"10.5860/choice.50-1116\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"SADDAM HUSSEIN'S BA'TH PARTY: INSIDE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME Joseph Sassoon New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012 (xxi + 314 pages, bibliography, index, i llustrations, and map) $29.99 (paper)Despite the attention that Iraq has commanded in the news media and among policymakers since 1990, the country's history, politics, culture, and economy have remained remarkably understudied. This situation is beginning to change, and Joseph Sassoon's Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party represents a major contribution to recent scholarship. Sassoon poses the question of how Saddam Hussein was able to maintain power through two disastrous wars, crippling economic sanctions, and the prolonged and assiduous efforts of the United States to bring him down. Sassoon's book answers this question with the assertion that the Ba'th Party was critical to maintaining the compliance, complicity, cooperation, and support of a significant segment of Iraq's population until the American-led invasion of 2003.Perceptive surveys of Iraq's history such as those by Charles Tripp (A History of Iraq, Cambridge, 2007) and Phebe Marr (The Modern History of Iraq, Westview, 2012) acknowledge that Saddam's regime successfully entangled and implicated many Iraqis in an elaborate system of patronage and surveillance. Sassoon places the Ba'th Party at the center of this enter- prise, looking inside the party to reveal its machinery and its relationship to other institutions of the state. By examining how the regime rewarded its loyalists, he adds a dimension largely absent from Kanan Makiya's The Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq (University of California, 1998), which focuses on the regime's repressive capacity. Sassoon's book explores the party's role in cultural production and thereby complements Eric Davis's Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq (University of California, 2005), which explores the regime's endeavor to maintain itself through crafting a hegemonic worldview to impart to its citizens.Sassoon bases his account on extensive use of Iraqi archival sources, among them textual records of the Iraqi government and audiotapes of meetings between Saddam and his close associates, which the United States seized during its occupation. The documents are now archived at the National Defense University in Washington, DC. A second major collection of archival sources that Sassoon exploited is the Ba'th Party Regional Command documents, also taken to the United States in the wake of the invasion. This collection amounts to some six million pages, which have been digitized and made available to researchers at the Hoover Institute on Stanford University campus. Sassoon also draws upon the records of the Iraqi secret police that were seized by Kurds during the March 1991 uprising in the north of the country. These documents include about 2.4 million pages that are archived in digital form at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In addition to the impressive archival research, Sassoon uses memoirs, Saddam's novels and published speeches, and the Iraqi press. He also interviewed a number of Iraqi officials and military officers who served in the Ba'thist regime.From these sources Sassoon reconstructs how the Iraqi Ba'th Party sustained Saddam's rule and constituted, along with the state bureaucracy and military, one of the three key components of the regime. The party's membership represented a reserve labor force that could be called upon to augment the capacity of the bureaucracy, security forces, and military. We learn that the party was hierarchically organized, hyperregulated, and bureaucratized, but also that it was also capable of fostering initiative and competition among its units. It even devoted considerable attention to conducting elections for the leadership of some levels of the hierarchy. Sassoon traces the lives of party members to demonstrate how party activism was professionalized and constituted a full-time career for Ba'thists in the party's upper echelons. …\",\"PeriodicalId\":184252,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Arab Studies Journal\",\"volume\":\"33 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2015-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"55\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Arab Studies Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-1116\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arab Studies Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-1116","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55

摘要

《萨达姆·侯赛因的复兴党:独裁政权内部》约瑟夫·沙逊纽约:剑桥大学出版社,2012年(xxi + 314页,参考书目、索引、插图和地图)29.99美元(纸本)尽管自1990年以来,伊拉克在新闻媒体和决策者中引起了极大的关注,但该国的历史、政治、文化和经济仍未得到充分的研究。这种情况正在开始改变,约瑟夫·沙逊领导的萨达姆·侯赛因的复兴党对最近的学术研究做出了重大贡献。沙逊提出了这样一个问题:萨达姆·侯赛因是如何通过两场灾难性的战争、严重的经济制裁和美国长期不懈的努力把他打倒的?沙逊的书回答了这个问题,他断言,在2003年美国领导的入侵之前,复兴党在维持伊拉克相当一部分人的顺从、共谋、合作和支持方面发挥了关键作用。查尔斯·特里普(《伊拉克史》,剑桥,2007年)和菲比·马尔(《伊拉克现代史》,西景,2012年)对伊拉克历史的敏锐调查承认,萨达姆政权成功地将许多伊拉克人卷入了一个精心设计的赞助和监视系统中。沙逊将复兴党置于这一事件的中心,通过观察复兴党内部来揭示其机制及其与国家其他机构的关系。通过研究该政权如何奖励其忠诚者,他增加了Kanan Makiya的《恐惧共和国:现代伊拉克的政治》(加州大学,1998年)中主要关注该政权镇压能力的一个维度。沙逊的书探讨了党在文化生产中的作用,从而补充了埃里克·戴维斯的《国家的记忆:现代伊拉克的政治、历史和集体认同》(加州大学,2005年),该书探讨了该政权通过制造霸权世界观向其公民传授来维持自身的努力。沙逊的叙述基于对伊拉克档案资料的广泛使用,其中包括伊拉克政府的文字记录和萨达姆与其亲信之间会议的录音带,这些都是美国在占领期间查获的。这些文件现在保存在华盛顿特区的国防大学。沙逊利用的第二个主要档案来源是复兴党地区司令部的文件,这些文件也是在入侵后被带到美国的。这些藏品总计约600万页,已被数字化,供斯坦福大学胡佛研究所的研究人员使用。沙逊还引用了1991年3月伊拉克北部起义期间被库尔德人抓获的伊拉克秘密警察的记录。这些文件包括大约240万页,以数字形式存档于科罗拉多大学博尔德分校。除了令人印象深刻的档案研究外,沙逊还使用了回忆录、萨达姆的小说和发表的演讲,以及伊拉克媒体。他还采访了一些曾在复兴党政权任职的伊拉克官员和军官。根据这些资料,沙逊重建了伊拉克复兴党如何维持萨达姆的统治,并与国家官僚机构和军队一起构成了政权的三个关键组成部分之一。党的成员代表了后备军,可以用来增强官僚机构、安全部队和军队的能力。我们了解到,中共是等级森严、过度监管和官僚化的,但它也有能力在其单位之间培养主动性和竞争。它甚至花了相当大的精力来选举某些等级的领导。沙逊追溯了复兴党成员的生活,以展示党的激进主义是如何专业化的,并成为复兴党上层人士的全职工作。…
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party: Inside an Authoritarian Regime
SADDAM HUSSEIN'S BA'TH PARTY: INSIDE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME Joseph Sassoon New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012 (xxi + 314 pages, bibliography, index, i llustrations, and map) $29.99 (paper)Despite the attention that Iraq has commanded in the news media and among policymakers since 1990, the country's history, politics, culture, and economy have remained remarkably understudied. This situation is beginning to change, and Joseph Sassoon's Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party represents a major contribution to recent scholarship. Sassoon poses the question of how Saddam Hussein was able to maintain power through two disastrous wars, crippling economic sanctions, and the prolonged and assiduous efforts of the United States to bring him down. Sassoon's book answers this question with the assertion that the Ba'th Party was critical to maintaining the compliance, complicity, cooperation, and support of a significant segment of Iraq's population until the American-led invasion of 2003.Perceptive surveys of Iraq's history such as those by Charles Tripp (A History of Iraq, Cambridge, 2007) and Phebe Marr (The Modern History of Iraq, Westview, 2012) acknowledge that Saddam's regime successfully entangled and implicated many Iraqis in an elaborate system of patronage and surveillance. Sassoon places the Ba'th Party at the center of this enter- prise, looking inside the party to reveal its machinery and its relationship to other institutions of the state. By examining how the regime rewarded its loyalists, he adds a dimension largely absent from Kanan Makiya's The Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq (University of California, 1998), which focuses on the regime's repressive capacity. Sassoon's book explores the party's role in cultural production and thereby complements Eric Davis's Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq (University of California, 2005), which explores the regime's endeavor to maintain itself through crafting a hegemonic worldview to impart to its citizens.Sassoon bases his account on extensive use of Iraqi archival sources, among them textual records of the Iraqi government and audiotapes of meetings between Saddam and his close associates, which the United States seized during its occupation. The documents are now archived at the National Defense University in Washington, DC. A second major collection of archival sources that Sassoon exploited is the Ba'th Party Regional Command documents, also taken to the United States in the wake of the invasion. This collection amounts to some six million pages, which have been digitized and made available to researchers at the Hoover Institute on Stanford University campus. Sassoon also draws upon the records of the Iraqi secret police that were seized by Kurds during the March 1991 uprising in the north of the country. These documents include about 2.4 million pages that are archived in digital form at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In addition to the impressive archival research, Sassoon uses memoirs, Saddam's novels and published speeches, and the Iraqi press. He also interviewed a number of Iraqi officials and military officers who served in the Ba'thist regime.From these sources Sassoon reconstructs how the Iraqi Ba'th Party sustained Saddam's rule and constituted, along with the state bureaucracy and military, one of the three key components of the regime. The party's membership represented a reserve labor force that could be called upon to augment the capacity of the bureaucracy, security forces, and military. We learn that the party was hierarchically organized, hyperregulated, and bureaucratized, but also that it was also capable of fostering initiative and competition among its units. It even devoted considerable attention to conducting elections for the leadership of some levels of the hierarchy. Sassoon traces the lives of party members to demonstrate how party activism was professionalized and constituted a full-time career for Ba'thists in the party's upper echelons. …
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊最新文献
Spheres of Intervention: Us Foreign Policy and the Collapse of Lebanon, 1967-1976 The Politics of Sectarianism in Postwar Lebanon A History of Modern Oman The Global Offensive: The United States, the Palestinian Liberation Organization, and the Making of the Post - Cold War Order An Incurable Past: Nasser's Egypt Then and Now
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1