Diagnostic Significance of Beclin-1 and Transforming Growth Factor β in Breast Cancer

Background: The main cause of cancer deaths amongst women breast cancer remains a clinical and social challenge, and a serious public health problem. On a worldwide level, it continues to be a devastating disorder.BECN1  is  a  tumor  suppressor  gene  implicated  in  the  initiation  of  autophagy.  It encodes beclin-1 protein that inhibits cancer growth. There is wide disputation concerning its role in initiation, promotion of tumor and predictive importance of autophagic molecules. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induces process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) keeping, epithelial cells more motile and invasive resulting in cancer progression and metastasis. Aim: Detection of beclin-1 expression level in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients and study its role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer through attainable association with the inflammatory cytokine, TGF-β. Methods: Expression levels of beclin-1 and TGF-β were assessed in 70 breast cancer female patients and 20 controls using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Beclin-1 expression levels as well as TGF-β were significantly higher in metastatic breast cancer patients and non-metastatic patients compared to controls. Positive correlation was found between beclin-1 expression level and TGF-β expression level in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Our results indicated that over-expression of both beclin-1 and TGF-β was associated with aggressive clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients and tumor growth. These findings suggest that beclin-1 and TGF-β are associated with tumorigenesis of breast cancer.