解雇与死亡的政治:触手、死亡政治与政治主体

Teddy Duncan
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摘要

在丽塔·印第安纳(Rita Indiana)的小说《触手》(Tentacle)中,多米尼克共和国(Dominic Republic)的未来被设定为凄凉和反乌托邦:一场核生态灾难几乎毁掉了海洋,肤色歧视和种族主义无处不在,海地人因一种未命名的“病毒”(《印第安纳3》)而被不加区分地处决,历史上的阶级分化和财富不平等依然存在。印第安纳州面向未来的多米尼加共和国所面临的各种问题来自政治突发事件:它们是多米尼加共和国政治领导人促成的明确选择的结果。然而,虽然文本将历史现实呈现为偶然的和容易改变的,但它也明确指出了个人代理和行动的局限性。《触手》展示了通过死亡政治对主体的政治本体论消解。文本也承认政治形成和死亡政治的偶然性,并通过这样做,含蓄地反对像多米尼加共和国这样的前殖民地国家的本质化。最后,我认为政治主体的不稳定性和物质-政治-现实并没有在《触手》中被描述为某种辩证法进程的必要或不可避免的部分,而是作为逃避个人代理的潜在可预防或可干预的过程。
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Politics of Dismissal and Death: Tentacle, Necropolitics, and the Political Subject
In Rita Indiana’s novel, Tentacle, the future of the Dominic Republic is postulated as bleak and dystopian: a nuclear ecological disaster has nearly ruined the ocean, colorism and racism are pervasive, Haitians are indiscriminately executed due to an unnamed “virus” (Indiana 3), and historical class divisions, as well as wealth inequalities, are maintained. The various issues that Indiana’s future-oriented Dominican Republic is facing emerge from political contingencies: they are the result of clear choices facilitated by the political leaders of the Dominican Republic. Yet, while the text renders historical reality as contingent and liable to change, it also explicitly points out the limits of individual agency and action. Tentacle demonstrates the politico-ontological dismissal of subjects that is enacted through necropolitics. The text also recognizes the contingent nature of political formation and necropolitics, and by doing so, implicitly contests the essentialization of formerly colonized countries such as the Dominican Republic. Ultimately, I argue that the precarity of the political subject and the material-political-reality are not depicted in Tentacle as necessary or inevitable parts of some dialectic process of progression, but rather as potentially preventable or intervenable processes that evade individual agency.
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