损坏管道氨排放对环境污染的模拟

L. Amelina, M. Biliaiev, O. Berlov, O. Verhun, T. Rusakova
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引用次数: 1

摘要

目的。本研究提供了一个用于计算非定常氨从损坏管道流出的水力模型,并将该模型实现为预测紧急空气污染的数值模型。方法。为了解决这一问题,采用了计算得到的压力流水力学依赖关系。利用经验模型计算了受损管道中氨的蒸发。为了计算氨在大气中的扩散过程,采用了杂质对流扩散传递的三维方程。氨泄漏的数学模型考虑了风速随高度的变化,以及大气垂直扩散系数随高度的变化,以及氨泄漏强度随时间的动态变化。对于大气中氨转移的三维微分方程的数值解,对其进行物理分解:分别分离出对流输运的杂质方程、大气扩散输运的杂质方程和排放源作用下空气中氨浓度变化的方程。采用McCormack方法对氨在空气中的对流转移方程进行了数值积分。采用理查德森方法对杂质扩散传递方程进行了数值积分。采用欧拉法对描述排放源影响下氨浓度变化的方程进行了数值积分。发现。基于建立的氨在大气中传播的数值模型和已建立的氨在受损管道中非定常流出模型,进行了计算试验,评估了托里亚蒂-敖德萨氨管道穿越第聂伯罗河时发生氨紧急流出时的大气和下垫面污染水平。获得了非平稳环境污染数据。创意。建立了一种计算氨从破损管道流出的非定常过程的数学模型。提出了一种数值模型,用于确定toolyatti - Odessa氨管道紧急流出氨时的污染区域。实用价值。基于所开发的模型,建立了一个程序,使其能够在紧急氨流出时及时预测环境污染动态。该数学模型可用于化学危险设施应急预案的制定。
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Modeling of Environmental Pollution by Ammonia Emission from a Damaged Pipeline
Purpose. This work provides for the development of a hydraulic model for calculating the unsteady ammonia outflow from a damaged pipeline and the implementation of this model into a numerical model for predicting emergency air pollution. Methodology. To solve the problem, the calculated dependencies of the pressure flow hydraulics were used. An empirical model to calculate the evaporation of ammonia from a damaged pipeline was also used. To calculate the process of spreading ammonia in atmospheric air, a three-dimensional equation of convective-diffusion transfer of impurities was used. Mathematical modeling of the spread of ammonia from a damaged pipeline takes into account the change with height of the wind flow velocity, as well as the change with height of the vertical coefficient of atmospheric diffusion, the dynamics of changes over time in the intensity of ammonia leakage from the damaged pipeline. For the numerical solution of the three-dimensional differential equation for the transfer of ammonia in atmospheric air, its physical splitting is carried out: an equation that describes the transport of an impurity due to convection is singled out separately, an equation that describes the transport of an impurity due to atmospheric diffusion and separately an equation that describes a change in the ammonia concentration in air due to the action of the emission source. The McCormack method is used to numerically integrate the equation for the convective transfer of ammonia in air. The Richardson method is used to numerically integrate the equation of diffusion transfer of an impurity. The Euler method is used to numerically integrate the equation that describes the change in ammonia concentration under the influence of an emission source. Findings. Based on the developed model of unsteady ammonia outflow from the damaged pipeline and the created numerical model of ammonia propagation in the atmospheric air, a computational experiment was carried out to assess the level of atmospheric air and underlying surface pollution in the event of an emergency ammonia outflow in the section where the Tolyatti – Odessa ammonia pipeline crosses the Dnipro River. Data on non-stationary environmental pollution were obtained. Originality. A mathematical model that allows calculating the unsteady process of ammonia outflow from a damaged pipeline has been developed. A numerical model is proposed to determine the areas of contamination during an emergency ammonia outflow from the Tolyatti – Odessa ammonia pipeline. Practical value. Based on the developed model, a code has been created that makes it possible to promptly predict the environmental pollution dynamics during an emergency ammonia outflow. The proposed mathematical model can be used in the development of emergency response plan for chemically hazardous facilities.
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